Pharaoh and Egyptians beg Israel to leave Egypt (12:31–33)
The Ten Plagues on Egypt
The Plague Egyptian Deity The Effect
1. Blood (7:20) Hapi Pharaoh hardened (7:22)
2. Frogs (8:6) Heqt Pharaoh begs relief, promises freedom (8:8), but is hardened (8:15) 3. Gnats (8:17) Hathor, Nut Pharaoh hardened (8:19) 4. Flies (8:24) Shu, Isis Pharaoh bargains (8:28), but is hardened (8:32) 5. Livestock diseased (9:6) Apis Pharaoh hardened (9:7)
6. Boils (9:10) Sekhmet Pharaoh hardened (9:12)
7. Hail (9:23) Geb Pharaoh begs relief (9:27), promises freedom (9:28), but is hardened (9:35)
8. Locusts (10:13) Serapis Pharaoh bargains (10:11), begs relief (10:17), but is hardened (10:20) 9. Darkness (10:22) Ra Pharaoh bargains (10:24), but is hardened (10:27) 10. Death of firstborn (12:29) Pharaoh and Egyptians beg Israel to leave Egypt (12:31–33)
© 1993 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
EXODUS—NOTE ON 7:24 dug along the Nile. The only recourse was to tap into the natural water table, the subterranean water supply. Evidently this was the water which was available to the magicians to use (v. 22).
EXODUS—NOTE ON 7:25 Seven full days. An interval of time occurred before another warning was delivered, indicating that the plagues did not occur rapidly in uninterrupted succession.
EXODUS—NOTE ON 8:1 Go in to Pharaoh. The warning for the second plague was delivered to Pharaoh, presumably at his palace. Warnings for the fifth (9:1) and eighth (10:1) plagues also occurred at the palace.
EXODUS—NOTE ON 8:2 I will plague. Various terms, namely, "plagues" (9:14), "strike" (12:13), and "pestilence" (9:15), were employed to impress them with the severity of what was happening in Egypt. frogs. That Egyptians favored frogs was seen in the wearing of amulets in the shape of a frog and in the prohibition against intentionally killing frogs, who were considered sacred animals. The croaking of frogs from the river and pools of water signaled to farmers that the gods who controlled the Nile's flooding and receding had once again made the land fertile. The god Hapi was venerated on this occasion because he had caused alluvial deposits to come downstream. Further, the frog