Jonathan Edwards: A Lifeజోనాథన్ ఎడ్వర్డ్స్: ఒక జీవితం

Name: Jonathan Edwards: A Life
Author: George M. Marsden

George M. Marsden

Christian Biography

📖 Study Companion · English 📖 తెలుగు 📥 PDF

Jonathan Edwards: A Life by George M. Marsden (Yale University Press, 2003) — book information, synopsis, full table of contents and author profile at UECF.NET. PDF available; English & Telugu.

Chapters 1155

United States—Clergy—Biography. I. Title. ≈ 8 min
wards (1949) was a sketch of Edwards' intellectual life. Patricia Tracy's Jon- ≈ 229 min
epidemic broke out. Mather's stance brought bitter popular opposition. ≈ 55 min
deﬁne who they were. ≈ 52 min
myself more particularly disposed to regard the glories of the world, than to ≈ 12 min
delight committing of my soul to him, of which our divines used to speak, and ≈ 251 min
session into a hearing. Thomas Clap came with saddlebags loaded with evi- ≈ 56 min
Englanders would be called to send troops south in a new colonial war with ≈ 233 min
Joshua Gee of Boston's Second Church. Mather had dared to be critical of ≈ 17 min
leadership, family resentments may have begun to play a role. Dorothy Ashley ≈ 514 min
were breached in Boston it seemed as though there might be no stopping the ≈ 158 min
The chariot wheels suggested cycles but also progress. The building was more ≈ 45 min
contending with versions of Edwardsean theology he had ﬁrst encountered ≈ 28 min
Tradition, and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), ≈ 4 min
of pre-Revolutionary eighteenth-century America in The Radicalism of the American Rev- ≈ 4 min
seldom cited or mentioned John Calvin by name. Edwards' theology was refracted mostly ≈ 4 min
rigorously attempting to follow the Reformation principle of ''the Bible alone'' as an ≈ 4 min
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). ≈ 4 min
for similar themes. ≈ 4 min
and the Representation of American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 1: 559 and passim. This account is heavily ≈ 4 min
Valley is a myth.'' Lucas shows that Stoddard at least did not succeed in controlling ≈ 5 min
source, but his observation is consistent with what else we know of Stoddard. Cf. Perry ≈ 5 min
Cases of Conscience Respecting the Country (Boston, 1722), 7. ≈ 5 min
(London, 1860), 207–15, 302–3. ≈ 5 min
America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985). ≈ 5 min
Given Them (Boston, 1703), 15–16, 17, 19. ≈ 5 min
York: Knopf, 1994), 11–12. ≈ 5 min
England Historical and Genealogical Register (1870), 269–70. Given the cruelty of warfare ≈ 5 min
inﬂuential Boston pastor of his era. ≈ 4 min
Demos, Unredeemed Captive, 12–39. ≈ 4 min
Demos, Unredeemed Captive, 12–39. ≈ 4 min
perspectives on the Indians' views of the episode. ≈ 4 min
the Memorial Gateway to Jonathan Edwards at the Burying Ground South Windsor, 25 June, ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 59–63, based on ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 59–63, based on ≈ 4 min
low, Jonathan Edwards, 1703–1758: A Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1940), 40–41. ≈ 4 min
Gazette 65 (October 1990): 26–32, attributes it to the eldest sister, Esther, who apparently ≈ 4 min
Marriage in the Edwards Family in the Early Eighteenth Century,'' New England Historical ≈ 4 min
Marriage in the Edwards Family in the Early Eighteenth Century,'' New England Historical ≈ 4 min
Life, 14. ≈ 4 min
Life, 14. ≈ 4 min
ed. (Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 1969). Kaplan's notes, 27–67, provide a ≈ 4 min
vols. (London, 1809–12), 7: 103, quoted in Philip Greven, The Protestant Temperament: ≈ 4 min
thy's letters to his family are strikingly more ﬁlled with open expressions of familial ≈ 4 min
thy's letters to his family are strikingly more ﬁlled with open expressions of familial ≈ 4 min
Historical Society, Hartford, Conn., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 153–54. ≈ 4 min
60, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 22, 144–45. Cf. Greven, Protestant Tem- ≈ 4 min
Timothy in ''Edwardses.'' ≈ 4 min
speculates that the ''erratic strain'' persisted in some of the later Edwards family, including ≈ 4 min
vol. 3, item 235, Connecticut State Library, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 27. ≈ 4 min
chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question ≈ 4 min
chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question ≈ 4 min
chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question ≈ 4 min
2. ''Personal Narrative'' (ca. 1740), Works, 16: 790–91. Edwards' narrative was appar- ≈ 4 min
University Library, quoted in Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family ≈ 4 min
Seventeenth-Century New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
1744/45, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 155. ≈ 4 min
and Clergy in Eighteenth-Century New England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University ≈ 4 min
necticut Historical Society Bulletin 51 (winter 1986): 30. ≈ 4 min
wardses,'' 83. The inﬂuential Puritan writer William Perkins (1558–1602) referred to this ≈ 4 min
ing four steps. I have compressed the second, ''realization of God's anger against sin'' ≈ 4 min
Antinomianism in Early Massachusetts (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, ≈ 4 min
Conversion is the individual's experience of that change, usually a gradual process. Often ≈ 4 min
Heaven,'' 81–118. ≈ 4 min
Heaven,'' 81–118. ≈ 4 min
1639, but after a few months he decided that even that practice was not pure enough and ≈ 4 min
1639, but after a few months he decided that even that practice was not pure enough and ≈ 4 min
England (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969). E. Brooks Holiﬁeld, The Covenant ≈ 4 min
Massachusetts (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), provides a rich account of ≈ 4 min
the Word of God (London, 1700), 8. On Stoddard's views, see Thomas A. Schafer, ''Sol- ≈ 4 min
University Press, 1943), 123. ≈ 4 min
University Press, 1943), 123. ≈ 4 min
Valley of Discord: Church and Society along the Connecticut River, 1636–1725 (Hanover, N.H.: ≈ 4 min
Valley of Discord: Church and Society along the Connecticut River, 1636–1725 (Hanover, N.H.: ≈ 4 min
''Solomon Stoddard,'' 302. ≈ 4 min
1981). Lucas, Valley of Discord, 159. Lucas, '' 'An Appeal to the Learned': The Mind of ≈ 4 min
1981). Lucas, Valley of Discord, 159. Lucas, '' 'An Appeal to the Learned': The Mind of ≈ 4 min
communion were too strict, a charge that he dismissed. Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 36–37. ≈ 4 min
Longmeadow, Mass., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 75. ≈ 4 min
Longmeadow, Mass., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 75. ≈ 4 min
family letters indicate that Jonathan's mother as well as two sisters ''made profession of ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous- ≈ 4 min
Jonathan, congratulating Timothy Edwards on his son's ''promising abilities and advances ≈ 4 min
Jonathan, congratulating Timothy Edwards on his son's ''promising abilities and advances ≈ 4 min
strange notions of holiness from our childhood, as if it were a melancholy, morose, sour, ≈ 4 min
reform his habits and cultivate a more positive disposition. ≈ 4 min
29 A, item 6, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 171. ≈ 4 min
29 A, item 6, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 171. ≈ 4 min
Warch, School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740 (New Haven: Yale University Press, ≈ 4 min
began about a year and a half before he left for New York, which was on August 10, 1722. ≈ 4 min
reﬂects on these themes. ≈ 4 min
50. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 793. ≈ 4 min
Great Man: Identity, Conversion, and Leadership in the Great Awakening,'' Soundings, ≈ 4 min
God ''will be a tender father to us,'' a phrase from his ﬁrst extant sermon, perhaps written ≈ 4 min
3. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 802–3. ≈ 4 min
bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly ≈ 4 min
bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly ≈ 4 min
bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly ≈ 4 min
Trust, 1987), 52–53. Wilson H. Kimnach, ''Preface to the New York Period,'' Works, 10: 261–93. ≈ 4 min
9. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 797. On the origin of his notebook, ''Notes on the ≈ 4 min
several occasions. ≈ 4 min
several occasions. ≈ 4 min
several occasions. ≈ 4 min
Brothers, 1932), 12. ≈ 4 min
14. Renewals of baptismal covenants were normally church ceremonies where those ≈ 4 min
Theology of Jonathan Edwards (Garden City: Doubleday, 1966), 38. The quotations from ≈ 4 min
reﬂections on renewing his baptismal vows on January 12, 1723. ≈ 4 min
tary on this sermon, pp. 247–50, 533–34. Cf. sermon fragment ''Application on Love to ≈ 4 min
20. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 797–98. Diary, May 1, 1723, Works, 16: 768. ≈ 4 min
admiring editors. See George S. Claghorn, ''Editing the Texts,'' Works, 16: 750–52. ≈ 4 min
ever, I do not think Kimnach has su≈cient grounds to read the dispute back into the ﬁrst ≈ 4 min
sity Library, quoted in Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in ≈ 4 min
continued to a≈rm the view that humiliation accompanied by fears of hell was a normal ≈ 4 min
1. For chronology, see Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 8–9, ≈ 4 min
29. For dating of ''Notes on the Apocalypse,'' see the remarkable reconstruction by ≈ 4 min
ing the date. ≈ 4 min
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17. ≈ 4 min
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17. ≈ 4 min
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17. ≈ 4 min
77–78. Norman Fiering says that ''Miller's discussion of Locke and Edwards on 52–68 is ≈ 4 min
and Moral Philosophy at Seventeenth-Century Harvard: A Discipline in Transition (Chapel ≈ 4 min
New England see also John Corrigan, The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational Clergy ≈ 4 min
been William Smith, a New York lawyer and trustee of the College of New Jersey who was ≈ 4 min
work on this issue, concluding that Hopkins' story is unlikely. I am convinced, however, by ≈ 4 min
work on this issue, concluding that Hopkins' story is unlikely. I am convinced, however, by ≈ 4 min
graduated from Harvard in 1711 at age seventeen, and his cousin Stephen (the redeemed ≈ 4 min
Harvard University Press, 1939), 111–53. ≈ 4 min
recollections of Samuel Johnson, the tutor whom the Wethersﬁeld boys had been unhappy ≈ 4 min
the time in ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 792. See, above, chapter 2, where this passage is ≈ 4 min
tion,'' in Works, 6: passim; and Morris, Young Jonathan Edwards, 164. ≈ 4 min
Doubleday Anchor, 1966), 15, citing a similar comment by Leon Howard. ≈ 4 min
by Thomas A. Schafer and by Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 147–53. ≈ 4 min
Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), and Margaret ≈ 4 min
usually been credited with some originality in his observations, although Lister anticipated ≈ 4 min
usually been credited with some originality in his observations, although Lister anticipated ≈ 4 min
Row, 1984), 336–63. ≈ 4 min
Row, 1984), 336–63. ≈ 4 min
Row, 1984), 336–63. ≈ 4 min
Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989), 71, and 71–116 for best account of this. ≈ 4 min
Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989), 71, and 71–116 for best account of this. ≈ 4 min
(Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1988), 81–89, 158–61, 165–66. Cf. Mi- ≈ 4 min
criticized George Whiteﬁeld and others for being guided by ''impulses'' (see chapter 14, be- ≈ 4 min
criticized George Whiteﬁeld and others for being guided by ''impulses'' (see chapter 14, be- ≈ 4 min
ford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1986), 257–77. ≈ 4 min
bridge University Press, 1980), 302. Descartes would have denied this implication of his ≈ 4 min
505, 509–10, 647. My account of Newton is based on Westfall's, passim. ≈ 4 min
505, 509–10, 647. My account of Newton is based on Westfall's, passim. ≈ 4 min
tions of Jonathan Edwards's Metaphysics,'' in Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds., ≈ 4 min
tions of Jonathan Edwards's Metaphysics,'' in Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds., ≈ 4 min
valuable overivew ''Jonathan Edwards and the Language of Nature: The Re-enchantment ≈ 4 min
ment of Modern Philosophy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981), 29–30, cited in Fiering, ≈ 4 min
man was a direct inﬂuence, yet there is enough resemblance to make it seem that Male- ≈ 4 min
comparison of the two. ≈ 4 min
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). On Edwards' trip see, Kenneth Minkema, ≈ 4 min
46. ''Of Atoms,'' Works, 6: 216. ≈ 4 min
Lee W. Gibbs (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979), 93. ≈ 4 min
Connecticut Collegiate school, just a few years before Edwards, in Joseph Ellis, The New ≈ 4 min
knowledge, I am indebted to David Hill Scott, ''The 'Circle of Knowledge' and Jonathan ≈ 3 min
94, pp. 256–63, which Thomas Schafer dates around the end of 1723. Cf. Amy Plantinga ≈ 3 min
58. ''The Mind,'' Works, 6: 332–36. See also Roland A. Delattre, Beauty and Sensibility ≈ 3 min
Norton, 2000). Richard A. Spurgeon Hall, ''Bach and Edwards on the Religious A√ec- ≈ 3 min
Norton, 2000). Richard A. Spurgeon Hall, ''Bach and Edwards on the Religious A√ec- ≈ 3 min
pastoring and also probably working on some of the abstract ideas contained in ''The ≈ 3 min
65. ''Of the Prejudices of Imagination,'' Works, 6: 197. ≈ 3 min
Levesque, Works, 14: 47–53. ≈ 3 min
Levesque, Works, 14: 47–53. ≈ 3 min
Bowditch Dexter, ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter ≈ 3 min
4. Samuel Sewall to Yale Rector Elisha Williams, August 22, 1729, ''Am glad to see you ≈ 3 min
trustees the next day. Three of these were dissuaded, the others went to England for ≈ 4 min
''Letter-book of Samuel Sewall,'' 144. ≈ 4 min
Massachusetts Historical Society, 5th ser., 7 (Boston, 1882), 309. Sewall reports that Increase ≈ 4 min
in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 226. See related documents, pp. 226–34. See Warch, ≈ 4 min
Historical Society, 2d ser., 2 (Boston, 1814), 133–36. ≈ 4 min
University Press, 1985): 359. ≈ 4 min
22–29 (Nausawlander); and October 29–November 5. ≈ 4 min
Scandalous Drove': The Congregational Reaction to Anglicanism in Boston, 1719–1725'' ≈ 4 min
Arminius were deﬁned at the international Reformed Synod of Dordrecht (or Dort) of ≈ 4 min
14. On Harvard, see John Corrigan, The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational ≈ 4 min
History, 233. ≈ 4 min
bridge University Press, 1980), 321. ≈ 4 min
nium in Revolutionary New England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977). ≈ 4 min
24. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12 ≈ 4 min
24. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12 ≈ 4 min
24. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12 ≈ 4 min
Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 6, ''Transactions,'' 1899, 1900 (Boston, 1904), 200. ≈ 4 min
Claghorn's notes for literature on this piece. ≈ 4 min
discoveries as an old man, quoted in chapter 4. ≈ 4 min
discoveries as an old man, quoted in chapter 4. ≈ 4 min
dates this entry as probably just before the ''Spider'' letter, dated October 31. ≈ 4 min
31. Kenneth P. Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 5. ≈ 4 min
32. The last quotation is from Resolution 57, Works, 16: 757. ≈ 4 min
Timothy Woodbridge. Pierpont reported that a delegation that the Yale trustees had ≈ 4 min
my appetite, I must not merely take care to leave o√ with as much of an appetite as at ≈ 4 min
1723), Works, 14: 75, 79, 90. ≈ 4 min
1723), Works, 14: 75, 79, 90. ≈ 4 min
137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157. ≈ 4 min
137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157. ≈ 4 min
137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157. ≈ 4 min
chapter 6. ''A Low, Sunk Estate and Condition'' ≈ 4 min
ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate ≈ 4 min
ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate ≈ 4 min
36, quoted in Richard Warch, School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740 (New Haven: ≈ 4 min
Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc- ≈ 4 min
Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc- ≈ 4 min
Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc- ≈ 4 min
1724, in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 255–56, on o√ering the rectorship to William ≈ 4 min
1724, in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 255–56, on o√ering the rectorship to William ≈ 4 min
acquaintance renounce Calvinism without such consultation. ≈ 4 min
10. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 13: 17. ≈ 4 min
six. David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: ≈ 4 min
college for his services until March 20, 1725. Proceedings of the Trustees, April 20, 1725, in ≈ 4 min
''The Beauty of the World,'' Reader, 14–15, written around this time, which is similar to ≈ 4 min
''The Beauty of the World,'' Reader, 14–15, written around this time, which is similar to ≈ 4 min
East Windsor in summer 1723, Jonathan expressed very conventional views of proper ≈ 4 min
published and probably edited by Edwards' admirers, we may not have a complete record ≈ 4 min
published and probably edited by Edwards' admirers, we may not have a complete record ≈ 4 min
diet for a time but resolved to resume it. ≈ 4 min
Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival of Religion in New England (1742), Works, 4, ≈ 4 min
Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in Eighteenth-Century New ≈ 4 min
Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in Eighteenth-Century New ≈ 4 min
23. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 789. Trustees, September 13, 1726, in Dexter, ed., ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 43–45. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,'' ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 43–45. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,'' ≈ 4 min
based on his examination of a sermon fragment at Beinecke from a Stockbridge Indian ≈ 4 min
Chamberlain, ''The Immaculate Ovum: Jonathan Edwards and the Construction of the ≈ 5 min
diary entry is dated ''Sept. 26, 1726,'' but that seems to be a mistake, most likely from a ≈ 5 min
the general, that I had been in at New York, till I went to New Haven, to live there as Tutor ≈ 5 min
''Under the Head of Creation, vid.'' Miscellany no. 362. Works, 11: 51. ≈ 5 min
Family and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), ≈ 5 min
Family and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), ≈ 5 min
of John's sons in the Revolutionary era. The home in Edwards' time was probably more on ≈ 5 min
shire County, Massachusetts, 1740–1775 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 30. ≈ 5 min
of Vermont, 1600–1800, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990), 113–31. I have also ≈ 4 min
rizes the evidence. In December 1721 Jonathan wrote to his sister Mary, then in Hatﬁeld, ≈ 4 min
ening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History 56, no. 4 (winter 1978): 330–31, may overstate the ≈ 4 min
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
1725 (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1976), 159. ≈ 4 min
vest,'' 326–27. His concern for orthodoxy is indicated in his The Great Concern for Chris- ≈ 4 min
So Little Towards the Conversion of the Indians? (Boston, 1723), 6, 8–11. For a modern ≈ 4 min
Sewall,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 2 (Boston, 1888), 250. He ≈ 4 min
Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v. ≈ 4 min
Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v. ≈ 4 min
Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v. ≈ 4 min
Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v. ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27. ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27. ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27. ≈ 4 min
10: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653. ≈ 5 min
10: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653. ≈ 5 min
10: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653. ≈ 5 min
early 1729, Works, 14: 301–28, is one of Edwards' most e√ective attempts prior to Sinners in ≈ 5 min
early 1729, Works, 14: 301–28, is one of Edwards' most e√ective attempts prior to Sinners in ≈ 5 min
Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 32–34, and Harry S. Stout, The New England ≈ 5 min
the ''opinion'' to ''some'' because of his reservations regarding reading the exact meanings ≈ 5 min
the ''opinion'' to ''some'' because of his reservations regarding reading the exact meanings ≈ 5 min
tion that must precede conversion, part of his ongoing problem with this part of the ≈ 5 min
Jonathan's earlier views seem to have been those of his father. In New York he wrote in a ≈ 5 min
February 13/20, 1729, p. 2. ≈ 5 min
February 13/20, 1729, p. 2. ≈ 5 min
February 13/20, 1729, p. 2. ≈ 5 min
23; Benjamin Colman, The Faithful Ministers of Christ Mindful of Their Own Death . . . ≈ 5 min
grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties ≈ 5 min
grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties ≈ 5 min
grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties ≈ 5 min
Pastor, 91–98. ≈ 4 min
3:1–2, Works of Edwards transcription (probably preached in summer 1729). ≈ 4 min
3:1–2, Works of Edwards transcription (probably preached in summer 1729). ≈ 4 min
spring 1729), Works, 14: 365–67, 370. ≈ 4 min
1730s. Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth ≈ 4 min
1730s. Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth ≈ 4 min
''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13. Minkema notes that whereas Dwight, Life, 115, says ≈ 4 min
''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13. Minkema notes that whereas Dwight, Life, 115, says ≈ 4 min
in Eighteenth-Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), ≈ 4 min
in Eighteenth-Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), ≈ 4 min
ton: Houghton Mi∆in, 1966), 34. ≈ 4 min
ton: Houghton Mi∆in, 1966), 34. ≈ 4 min
dard is indicated also in Miscellany no. 411, written shortly after Stoddard's death, where ≈ 4 min
(1729), Works, 14: 429–30. ≈ 4 min
Family Life in Northampton, Massachusetts: A Demographic Study, 1690–1750'' (M.A. ≈ 4 min
Directions in American Religious History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 62– ≈ 4 min
Directions in American Religious History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 62– ≈ 4 min
Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), esp. 189– ≈ 4 min
(Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1986), 7. Cf. pp. 11–12 for other images. Westra provides a ≈ 4 min
''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13–14. Another evidence of the town's goodwill was the ≈ 4 min
''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13–14. Another evidence of the town's goodwill was the ≈ 4 min
ary 19, ﬁre destroyed the shop of Deacon Ebenezer Hunt, a ''felt-maker'' from an old ≈ 4 min
Hopkins was a divinity student studying in Edwards' home in the early 1740s, though ≈ 4 min
ham Lincoln (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 38. ≈ 4 min
Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1987), 138–39. ≈ 4 min
Macmillan, 1940), 122–23. ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16. ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16. ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16. ≈ 4 min
10. ''Images [originally ''Shadows''] of Divine Things,'' no. 29, Works, 11: 58. ≈ 4 min
12. ''Images of Divine Things,'' no. 1, Works, 11:51. ≈ 4 min
dated May 5 and May 14, 1736, and May 7, 1737. He may also have been noting that 1736 was ≈ 4 min
(1730), Works, 17: 142–72, quotation, p. 143. ≈ 4 min
heaven would rejoice in knowing of the punishment of the wicked. Although most people ≈ 4 min
Press, Clarendon Press, 1986) for an overview. ≈ 4 min
1946), 40, writes, ''Of thirty-nine Presbyterian churches surveyed in 1731, eleven were ≈ 4 min
1946), 40, writes, ''Of thirty-nine Presbyterian churches surveyed in 1731, eleven were ≈ 4 min
Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate School of ≈ 4 min
University Press, 1973), 172–75. Former Rector Cutler wrote to an Anglican friend in ≈ 4 min
sectarian, Williams added that he was assured that the gift had been made in ''a true ≈ 4 min
sectarian, Williams added that he was assured that the gift had been made in ''a true ≈ 4 min
of Yale, 298. ≈ 4 min
Discipline Professed and Practiced: In the Churches of New England (Boston, 1726), 5, quoted ≈ 4 min
that what the orthodox, including Edwards, meant by ''Arminianism'' included precisely ≈ 4 min
where he elegantly and for the most part accurately paints the picture of the tensions ≈ 4 min
Whole of It (Boston, 1731), Works, 17: 205, 212, 213–14. ≈ 4 min
Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2001). ≈ 4 min
Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2001). ≈ 4 min
Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 70. ≈ 4 min
of the Enlightenment (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 131–34 and passim. ≈ 4 min
1709–1724,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 7th ser., 8 (Boston, 1912), 142, ≈ 4 min
1709–1724,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 7th ser., 8 (Boston, 1912), 142, ≈ 4 min
Music in Colonial Massachusetts, 1630–1820: Music in Homes and Churches (Boston: Colo- ≈ 4 min
on a Thursday night to ''the young musicians'' and that ''the singing extraordinarily excel- ≈ 4 min
New England, 1720–1740,'' New England Quarterly 55, no. 1 (March 1982): 79–96. Daniels, ≈ 4 min
Shoe String Press, 1961), 105–6. ≈ 4 min
55–56, and ''Benjamin Colman,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 122. ≈ 4 min
55–56, and ''Benjamin Colman,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 122. ≈ 4 min
quoted in Mark Valeri, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 17: 19, cf. 17–28, on political context. ≈ 4 min
of Kentucky Press, 1996), passim. ''Jonathan Belcher,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 434– ≈ 4 min
47. ''Belcher,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 443–44. ≈ 4 min
sachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 6 (Boston, 1893), 205–6. ≈ 4 min
sachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 6 (Boston, 1893), 205–6. ≈ 4 min
Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 203. ''Vice ≈ 4 min
Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 203. ''Vice ≈ 4 min
55. ''Christ's Kingdom Among the Gentiles,'' Isaac Watts, Psalms of David, Imitated in ≈ 4 min
55. ''Christ's Kingdom Among the Gentiles,'' Isaac Watts, Psalms of David, Imitated in ≈ 4 min
Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 237. These ﬁgures do not indicate ≈ 4 min
Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 237. These ﬁgures do not indicate ≈ 4 min
Edwards, Pastor. See esp., 38–50, 91–108. ≈ 4 min
August 1757, at another relatively unfruitful time in his ministry. ≈ 4 min
ﬁrst major report of the awakening. It was later expanded and published as A Faithful ≈ 4 min
another saintly person is not clear. ≈ 4 min
another saintly person is not clear. ≈ 4 min
another saintly person is not clear. ≈ 4 min
another saintly person is not clear. ≈ 4 min
another saintly person is not clear. ≈ 4 min
urges prayer as especially important if the awakening is to survive and advises that more of ≈ 4 min
Seventeenth-Century New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
Puritan to Evangelical: Changing Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss., ≈ 4 min
''a singing meeting'' on June 17, 1736. He mentions in passing that some may wonder why ≈ 4 min
''a singing meeting'' on June 17, 1736. He mentions in passing that some may wonder why ≈ 4 min
preface. Reprinted as appendix to sermon, Works, 17: 425–26. ≈ 4 min
son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England: ≈ 4 min
son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England: ≈ 4 min
20. ''Resolutions,'' no. 34, Works, 16: 755. Faithful Narrative, Works, 4: 149. ≈ 4 min
Joseph Hawley's suicide. See below. ≈ 4 min
Joseph Hawley's suicide. See below. ≈ 4 min
nary number on whom ''this dispensation'' ''has had a saving e√ect,'' suggesting that there ≈ 4 min
asm: A Chapter in the History of Religion (New York: Oxford University Press, 1950); David ≈ 4 min
Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, vol. 4 (London, 1822), 298. ≈ 4 min
sermons as Revelation 19:15 (April 1734), on hell, and Isaiah 53:7 (February 1734), a commu- ≈ 4 min
conﬁrming Edwards' account. ≈ 4 min
conﬁrming Edwards' account. ≈ 4 min
conﬁrming Edwards' account. ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 79–81. ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 79–81. ≈ 4 min
32. Term used by Deacon Ebenezer Hunt in Works, 4: 46. ≈ 4 min
are from Faithful Narrative, Works, 4: 206. ≈ 5 min
47:11 (May 1735),. ≈ 5 min
47:11 (May 1735),. ≈ 5 min
47:11 (May 1735),. ≈ 5 min
the Works of Edwards' transcription, was published as When the Wicked Shall Have Filled ≈ 5 min
in response to an inquiry from the Reverend Thomas Gillespie of Scotland on how to deal ≈ 5 min
Works, 4: 206. ≈ 5 min
Hawley's death'' (June 1735), Works, 19: 385, 383. ≈ 5 min
tion,'' Works, 4: 47n. God's Continuing Presence, sermon, Ezekiel 39:28–29 (July 1735), ≈ 5 min
ﬁrst letter. C. C. Goen shows that he almost certainly did not. See ''Editor's Introduction,'' ≈ 4 min
ﬁrst letter. C. C. Goen shows that he almost certainly did not. See ''Editor's Introduction,'' ≈ 4 min
ley's death'' (June 1735). He also dwelled on this point at some length in a July sermon, ≈ 4 min
diary, transcription, Storrs Library, Longmeadow, Mass., August 18, 1736. Cf. August 21. ≈ 4 min
account is drawn primarily from Goen's introduction, Works, 4: 32–46. ≈ 4 min
Many Hundred Souls in Northampton, and the Neighbouring Towns and Villages of New ≈ 4 min
its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 147, 149, and 290n25. ≈ 4 min
1753; repr. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1972), 14–81; Patrick Frazier, The Mohicans of ≈ 4 min
ampton from at least early September to about mid-October. Cf. Hall, ''Introduction,'' ≈ 4 min
recount its details. These include Cli√ord Shipton's account in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, ≈ 4 min
recount its details. These include Cli√ord Shipton's account in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Wells, Hatﬁeld, March 12, 1730. ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1736), 10, cited in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 15. This sermon was preached in ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1736), 10, cited in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 15. This sermon was preached in ≈ 4 min
for stealing more than only books. His father had requested that he leave under his care. ≈ 5 min
to hearing Breck express these views. ≈ 5 min
Benjamin Colman, Works, 4: 100–101. On the people's renewed zeal for Calvinism, see ≈ 5 min
vard Graduates, 8: 668. Cf. p. 667. ≈ 5 min
Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert ≈ 5 min
Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert ≈ 5 min
Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert ≈ 5 min
in bringing the Hampshire justices in for a hearing, cf. Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 8: 672. ≈ 5 min
Historical Museum, Springﬁeld, Mass., Samuel Hopkins said that he wrote the ﬁrst part ≈ 5 min
Gazette, October 10, 1735, quoted in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 10. ≈ 5 min
26. Jonathan Edwards, A Letter to the Author of the Pamphlet Called An Answer to the ≈ 5 min
Edwards' account is the only nearly contemporary record of the origins of the dispute, and ≈ 4 min
Dwight, Life, 122n, and 434–35. Dwight bases this interpretation on Edwards' mention of ≈ 4 min
unhappy with aspects of the awakening itself. The Joseph Hawley incident could also have ≈ 4 min
Watts and His Gift Books to Yale College (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938), 30–31. ≈ 4 min
Stenerson, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New ≈ 4 min
had not been so full and forward in the matter.'' ≈ 4 min
to desist from preaching on justiﬁcation versus Arminianism. This seems unlikely in view ≈ 4 min
to desist from preaching on justiﬁcation versus Arminianism. This seems unlikely in view ≈ 4 min
ened, Cooper wrote the preface. ≈ 4 min
return to the lewd practices of tavern culture, the town in 1736 revived the o≈ce of ≈ 4 min
return to the lewd practices of tavern culture, the town in 1736 revived the o≈ce of ≈ 4 min
3. Edwards to Benjamin Colman, March 19, 1737, Works, 16: 65–66. ≈ 4 min
4. Ibid., 66; Edwards to Benjamin Colman, May 19, 1737, Works, 16: 68. ≈ 4 min
19, 1737. He noted in his account book that the ﬁrst blossoms appeared on the cherry trees ≈ 4 min
19, 1737. He noted in his account book that the ﬁrst blossoms appeared on the cherry trees ≈ 4 min
Works, 19: 674. For his other uses of this image see index, Works, 19: 815. ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 73–75. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor, ≈ 4 min
ity,'' which famously referred to ''a city on a hill,'' began by describing God's ordination of ≈ 4 min
ity,'' which famously referred to ''a city on a hill,'' began by describing God's ordination of ≈ 4 min
Records, 22–27. ≈ 4 min
transcriptions. ≈ 4 min
transcriptions. ≈ 4 min
on the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins,'' in Stephen J. Stein, ed., Jonathan Ed- ≈ 4 min
Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz ≈ 4 min
Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz ≈ 4 min
Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz ≈ 4 min
Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz ≈ 4 min
Kenneth Minkema. We know of Edwards' preaching on this text and occasion only ≈ 4 min
son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England: ≈ 4 min
Works, 16: 727. See John F. Wilson, ''Introduction,'' Works, 9: 14–17, for a summary of the ≈ 4 min
sermons have a formal ''application,'' Edwards does interrupt his exposition once in a ≈ 4 min
Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in ≈ 4 min
Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in ≈ 4 min
Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in ≈ 4 min
Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in ≈ 4 min
Puritanism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), emphasizes the ≈ 4 min
Revelation 6, which speaks of the opening of the six seals and a cosmic judgment avenging ≈ 4 min
which Edwards was reading in 1738 or 1739 and was a principal stimulant to his thinking, ≈ 4 min
presented in an early draft of his forthcoming book Jonathan Edwards's Philosophy of ≈ 4 min
earthly prince or mighty warrior, as of Alexander the Great or Julius Caesar, or the Duke ≈ 4 min
32. See above, chapter 5. ≈ 4 min
33. Sermon 18, Works, 9: 351–52. ≈ 4 min
34. Sermon 33, Works, 9: 411. ≈ 4 min
35. Sermon 24, Works, 9: 434. ≈ 4 min
36. Ibid., 434–35. ≈ 4 min
37. Sermon 22, Works, 9: 412. ≈ 4 min
Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing ≈ 4 min
Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing ≈ 4 min
Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing ≈ 4 min
Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing ≈ 4 min
itself a thing to be rejoiced in because in itself it is good'' (p. 440), but he also emphasizes ≈ 4 min
chapter 12. God ''Will Revive the Flame Again'' ≈ 4 min
lard, June 1, 1740, Works, 16: 83–84, he asked for more information on these and other ≈ 4 min
God, Works, 4: 132. ≈ 4 min
Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 151–56, has a valuable ≈ 4 min
Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 151–56, has a valuable ≈ 4 min
copy of Benjamin Dorr's History of Christ Church in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1881) in ≈ 4 min
copy of Benjamin Dorr's History of Christ Church in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1881) in ≈ 4 min
ening, 1737–1745,'' Journal of American History 77 (December 1990): 812–37; Lambert, ≈ 4 min
The Spiritual Economy of Puritan New England (Stanford: Stanford University Press, ≈ 4 min
The Spiritual Economy of Puritan New England (Stanford: Stanford University Press, ≈ 4 min
Michael Crawford, William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 33 (1976): 93. On Edwards, ≈ 4 min
Journal, quoted in Arnold A. Dallimore, George Whiteﬁeld: The Life and Times of the Great ≈ 4 min
supposedly from Sarah Edwards to James Pierpont, October 24, 1740, describing White- ≈ 4 min
Prince, December 12, 1743, Works, 16: 115–27. ≈ 4 min
Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information. ≈ 4 min
Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information. ≈ 4 min
Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information. ≈ 4 min
Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information. ≈ 4 min
mentions it being very cold with light snow on the ground Monday morning, further east ≈ 4 min
in Middletown, Connecticut, two days after Whiteﬁeld left Edwards, an appearance ≈ 4 min
Divine Dramatist, and Stout, New England Soul, chap. 10. On the awakening as an ≈ 4 min
New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 194–95. ≈ 4 min
New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 194–95. ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 ≈ 4 min
views most fully in Religious A√ections, Works, 2: 432–58. ≈ 4 min
29. Edwards to ''Friends in Scotland,'' after September 16, 1745, Works, 16: 178. ≈ 4 min
30. Stout, Divine Dramatist, 220–33. ≈ 4 min
Benjamin Colman, March 9, 1741, ibid., 88. Ebenezer Parkman, The Diary of Ebenezer ≈ 4 min
the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 173. ≈ 4 min
the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 173. ≈ 4 min
Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whiteﬁeld, ≈ 4 min
Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whiteﬁeld, ≈ 4 min
and Brothers, 1957), 33–34. ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap- ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap- ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap- ≈ 4 min
quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138. ≈ 4 min
quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138. ≈ 4 min
quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138. ≈ 4 min
sources, especially Prince's Christian History, and provides accounts of such phenomena in ≈ 4 min
Memorial Library, Longmeadow, Mass. Cf. John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A ≈ 4 min
Memorial Library, Longmeadow, Mass. Cf. John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A ≈ 4 min
Stephen Williams' diary, July 8, 1741, unless otherwise noted. ≈ 4 min
A Complete History of Connecticut, 2 vols. (New Haven, 1818), 2: 145. Trumbull's note says, ≈ 4 min
18. Hopkins, Life, 47–48. ≈ 4 min
dents. He makes the point that, strictly speaking, Sinners is not a hell-ﬁre sermon. See ≈ 5 min
tonianism, and Jonathan Edwards's 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,' '' William and ≈ 5 min
history of redemption to preach a stunning sermon around the image of the sun. Christ's ≈ 5 min
found in many editions. The quotations here are from Reader, ed. Smith, Stout, and ≈ 5 min
1940), 192, from Watts' handwritten comment on title page of volume, owned by Forbes ≈ 5 min
Yale edition. I am indebted to the editor's introduction. ≈ 5 min
Works, 16: 90–91. Quotations that follow are from the letter, pp. 91–95. ≈ 5 min
Sweeney, ''River Gods and Related Minor Deities: The Williams Family and the Con- ≈ 5 min
sachusetts Historical Society), quoted in Michael Batinski, Jonathan Belcher, Colonial ≈ 5 min
Provincial Imagination,'' passim. See also Rosalyn Remer, ''Old Lights and New Money: ≈ 4 min
Bank than were their Old Light counterparts, but still a large majority of New Light ≈ 4 min
Bank than were their Old Light counterparts, but still a large majority of New Light ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards in his funeral sermon for Williams, The Resort and Remedy of Those ≈ 4 min
ening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History 56, no. 4 (winter 1978): 338, points out that Williams ≈ 4 min
tion, quoted in a note, p. 21n, ended with the advice: ''love your master, love your work, and ≈ 4 min
Trust, 1960), October 25, 1740, p. 480. Whiteﬁeld was hosted by ''Mr. Pierpont,'' one of ≈ 4 min
Trust, 1960), October 25, 1740, p. 480. Whiteﬁeld was hosted by ''Mr. Pierpont,'' one of ≈ 4 min
Samuel Hopkins, 3 vols. (Boston, 1852), 1: 16. Norman Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 38–39. ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 124–25. Elisha Williams resigned ≈ 4 min
Seventh Journal (London, 1741), 54–55, as quoted in Edwin Gaustad, The Great Awakening ≈ 4 min
1741, p. 1; anonymous letter, Boston Weekly Post-Boy, September 28, 1741, p. 3. Gaustad, ≈ 4 min
1741, p. 1; anonymous letter, Boston Weekly Post-Boy, September 28, 1741, p. 3. Gaustad, ≈ 4 min
itinerants generally, remarks how they tell people ''that they are now hanging over the pit ≈ 4 min
itinerants generally, remarks how they tell people ''that they are now hanging over the pit ≈ 4 min
351, cf. p. 350 re Brainerd. ≈ 4 min
Chamberlain's valuable observations as to what he learned from ﬁrst revival, ''Self- ≈ 4 min
Chamberlain's valuable observations as to what he learned from ﬁrst revival, ''Self- ≈ 4 min
pp. 273–74. '' 'Tis probable that the stumbling blocks that now attend this work will in ≈ 4 min
215, 216, 217, 223. ≈ 4 min
215, 216, 217, 223. ≈ 4 min
215, 216, 217, 223. ≈ 4 min
Association had as its question for debate, ''What is the sin that is commonly called the sin ≈ 4 min
Edwards changed ''me'' to ''us.'' ≈ 4 min
and reproach this work, and call it the work of the Devil, want but one thing of the ≈ 4 min
chapter 15. ''Heavenly Elysium'' ≈ 4 min
the New Divinity in Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 14. ≈ 4 min
the New Divinity in Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 14. ≈ 4 min
3. Edwards to Joseph Bellamy, January 21, 1742, Works, 16: 98–100. ≈ 5 min
4. Sarah Edwards, ''Narrative'' (1742), reprinted in Dwight, Life, 171–86, quotation ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of ≈ 5 min
wrote, ''Indeed, modesty might in ordinary cases, restrain some persons, as women, and ≈ 5 min
able to suppose that the Christian church should forever, and even in times of her greatest ≈ 5 min
ANTS, Works of Edwards transcription. The much more vague corresponding passage is ≈ 5 min
ANTS, Works of Edwards transcription. The much more vague corresponding passage is ≈ 5 min
1843), 26. Although this late source may be questionable, Hopkins was present at the event. ≈ 5 min
1743, Works, 16: 120–21. ≈ 5 min
Edwards Collection, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 5 min
Prayer Bids of the 1730s and 1740s,'' William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 37, no. 2 (April ≈ 5 min
''In pre-modern medical diagnosis, hysteria was deﬁned as a morbidly excited condition ≈ 4 min
1845 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 38. Ava Chamberlain, ≈ 4 min
Religious Humanism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), esp. chaps. 7–8. Cf. ≈ 4 min
America, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 51–74. Julie Ellison, ≈ 4 min
of Samuel Hopkins, 3 vols., ed. Edwards A. Park (Boston, 1852), 1: 16–18. ≈ 4 min
wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and ≈ 4 min
wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and ≈ 4 min
wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and ≈ 4 min
Hopkins, 1: 49. ≈ 4 min
great beauty and intellect. Hopkins, Life, appendix 1, pp. 88–92. ≈ 4 min
American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97. ≈ 4 min
American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97. ≈ 4 min
American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97. ≈ 4 min
tonock (Great Barrington), near Stockbridge. Some time after that, we are told, he was ≈ 4 min
chapter 8, above. ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible ≈ 4 min
torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible ≈ 4 min
(Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 1969), 10, takes for granted the knowledge that ≈ 4 min
1991), 52–55. On the dynamics of the relation between indentured servitude and chattel ≈ 4 min
reconstruction the episode in Minkema, ''Edwards' Defense.'' ≈ 4 min
Attitudes Toward the Negro 1550–1812 (Baltimore: Penguin, 1969 [1968]), 116–21. ≈ 4 min
continues with Isaiah 32: 3–4, ''The eyes of them that see shall not be dim and the ears [of ≈ 4 min
Beinecke, as quoted in Minkema, ''Edwards' Defense,'' n68. ≈ 4 min
of the Great Awakening and the popular political culture of the American Revolution. ≈ 4 min
in Patricia J. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor: Religion and Society in Eighteenth-Century ≈ 4 min
Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. Jonathan ≈ 4 min
18. ''A Copy of a Covenant Entered into and Subscribed by the People of God at ≈ 4 min
Trust, 1960), October 21, 1740, pp. 478–79. ≈ 4 min
a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n. ≈ 4 min
a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n. ≈ 4 min
a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n. ≈ 4 min
of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
gland (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), 122–75; Gerald McDermott, One Holy and ≈ 4 min
in pointing out that Edwards did not think the millennium was beginning in America, ≈ 4 min
in pointing out that Edwards did not think the millennium was beginning in America, ≈ 4 min
great revival, the high estimate of its eschatological signiﬁcance by Edwards and many ≈ 4 min
of Religion in New England . . . (Boston, 1743), from excerpt in The Great Awakening: ≈ 4 min
of Religion in New England . . . (Boston, 1743), from excerpt in The Great Awakening: ≈ 4 min
was not published in the Boston Gazette until March 16, 1742. See Richard Bushman, ed., ≈ 4 min
chapter 17. A House Divided ≈ 4 min
Brothers, 1957), 55. ≈ 4 min
of the few local pastors to oppose the dismissal of the Reverend Samuel Osborn, whom the ≈ 4 min
how his square face might suggest a brick, and he is holding a volume at an angle so that it ≈ 4 min
the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh, ≈ 4 min
the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh, ≈ 4 min
the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh, ≈ 4 min
Awakening, 44. ≈ 4 min
1742), 43–44, quoted in Gri≈n, Old Brick, 65. ≈ 4 min
Preached . . . the Lord's Day after the Commencement . . . (Boston, 1742). Available in Alan ≈ 4 min
quotation from Prince (p. 244) is from Christian History, vol. 2, around p. 408. The ≈ 4 min
teria,'' p. 71. ≈ 4 min
1742), passim. For context, see Gregory Nobles, Divisions throughout the Whole: Politics and ≈ 4 min
Mr. William Cooper, . . . (Boston, 1743), 3. Cooper, letter in Boston Gazette, January 11, 1743. ≈ 4 min
51–53, provides a very biased and no doubt exaggerated account. It seems conﬁrmed, ≈ 4 min
18. Edwards to Sarah Edwards, March 25, 1743, Works, 16: 104–5. ≈ 4 min
(New London, 1901), 407. ≈ 4 min
22. ''Fair copy of Kingsley Case, Congregational Library, London, MS II c 1/59,'' ≈ 4 min
England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 291. ≈ 4 min
Elisha Williams, The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants: A Seasonable Plea for the ≈ 4 min
must submit themselves to the ecclesiastical rule of the majority of the colony. Despite ≈ 4 min
must submit themselves to the ecclesiastical rule of the majority of the colony. Despite ≈ 4 min
Biography of Elnathan Whitman in Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the ≈ 4 min
way in the company of Thomas Clap, see Works, 16: 153–72. ≈ 4 min
conventions, including reprints of the two testimonies and information from related docu- ≈ 4 min
Great Awakening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History, 44, no. 2 (1966): 122–29. ≈ 4 min
Frank Lambert, Inventing the ''Great Awakening'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ≈ 4 min
sides were playing a numbers game in their futile struggles to vest their rival pronounce- ≈ 4 min
ments and counterarguments in the two volumes. ≈ 4 min
ments and counterarguments in the two volumes. ≈ 4 min
(Boston, 1743), vi–xxx, 329–30, and passim. Cf. Gri≈n's excellent discussion, Old Brick, ≈ 4 min
4: 296–97. ≈ 4 min
4: 296–97. ≈ 4 min
to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277. ≈ 4 min
to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277. ≈ 4 min
to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277. ≈ 4 min
Divine Truth (1739) in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 158. ≈ 4 min
p. 197n74, for Chauncy's later high estimate, in replying to Ezra Stiles' inquiry about ≈ 4 min
in Transition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), and Norman Fier- ≈ 4 min
letter to William McCulloch, March 5, 1744, Works, 16: 134, he dates the beginning of the ≈ 4 min
letter to William McCulloch, March 5, 1744, Works, 16: 134, he dates the beginning of the ≈ 4 min
quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that ≈ 4 min
quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that ≈ 4 min
quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that ≈ 4 min
48. Ibid., 95, 96–97, 102. ≈ 4 min
49. Ibid., 181. ≈ 4 min
50. Ibid., 194–95. ≈ 4 min
chapter 4, above. ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's 'Treatise Concerning Religious A√ections,' '' Church History 63, no. 4 ≈ 4 min
Jonathan Edwards's 'Treatise Concerning Religious A√ections,' '' Church History 63, no. 4 ≈ 4 min
Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations. ≈ 4 min
Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations. ≈ 4 min
Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations. ≈ 4 min
Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations. ≈ 4 min
Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations. ≈ 4 min
chapter 18. A Model Town No More ≈ 4 min
salary disputes and of Sarah's allusions to tensions with townspeople in her account of her ≈ 4 min
Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 148. ≈ 4 min
198–200. See Arthur Fawcett, The Chambulang Revival (London: Banner of Truth Trust, ≈ 4 min
198–200. See Arthur Fawcett, The Chambulang Revival (London: Banner of Truth Trust, ≈ 4 min
admitted that the revivals may have been a false spring. Drawing on one of his favorite ≈ 4 min
England Quarterly 5 (1932): 37–54, remains a most valuable source because it includes ≈ 4 min
7. Hopkins, Life, 53–54. The sermon is apparently lost. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, ≈ 4 min
Association. ≈ 5 min
not know precisely when in the controversy he presented this defense. Probably it was early ≈ 5 min
booksellers'' [London?], 1755. Presumably earlier editions of this or similar works were ≈ 5 min
Which All Women Desirous to Learn, Should Take, to Acquire the True Knowledge and Be ≈ 5 min
of this testimony is also transcribed, with slight di√erences, in Johnson, '' 'Young Folks' ≈ 5 min
language he allegedly used when taunting two women. ≈ 5 min
bers had joined after 1736. Under the Stoddardean system one cannot tell how many ≈ 4 min
(1738), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 230–33. ≈ 4 min
Divine Worship and yet Allow Themselves in Any Known Wickedness (before 1733), in Works ≈ 4 min
Divine Worship and yet Allow Themselves in Any Known Wickedness (before 1733), in Works ≈ 4 min
Christian Monthly History 4 (1745). ≈ 4 min
Christian Monthly History 4 (1745). ≈ 4 min
Christian Monthly History 4 (1745). ≈ 4 min
transcription. ≈ 4 min
transcription. ≈ 4 min
copies of foregoing testimonies,'' which reports the testimony in a slightly di√erent form, ≈ 4 min
the Seventeenth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), a study of Dorchester, ≈ 4 min
the Seventeenth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), a study of Dorchester, ≈ 4 min
and the changing patterns Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law, ≈ 4 min
and the changing patterns Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law, ≈ 4 min
Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 234. ≈ 4 min
Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 234. ≈ 4 min
33. Sarah Edwards, ''Narrative'' (1742), reprinted in Dwight, Life, remarks that one ≈ 4 min
of his daughter Sarah from Brookﬁeld. It is not clear why the Edwards would think this ≈ 4 min
question. The previous year, in a sermon preached for the installation of Jonathan Judd of ≈ 4 min
fragment, Works, 16: 148–49. Any details that he may have furnished have been lost. ≈ 4 min
38. ''Jonathan Edwards' Last Will, and the Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from ≈ 4 min
area, but also the most expensive family. Edwards to James Foxcroft, May 24, 1749, Works, ≈ 4 min
area, but also the most expensive family. Edwards to James Foxcroft, May 24, 1749, Works, ≈ 4 min
no. 1 (March 1991): 53. Valeri summarizes a formulation by Allan Kuliko√. The section ≈ 4 min
ity,'' is often reprinted, as in Perry Miller, ed., The American Puritans: Their Prose and ≈ 4 min
ity,'' is often reprinted, as in Perry Miller, ed., The American Puritans: Their Prose and ≈ 4 min
Religious A√ections he had made ''some intimations'' of his new views. ''Narrative of ≈ 4 min
Religious A√ections he had made ''some intimations'' of his new views. ''Narrative of ≈ 4 min
chapter 19. Colonial Wars ≈ 4 min
originally published in Christian Monthly History 9 (December 1745): 259–63. On the ≈ 4 min
separatists left Joseph Noyes' First Church on the New Haven green next to Yale College. ≈ 4 min
North-Hampton (Boston 1745), 4; quoted in Edwards to the Reverend Thomas Clap, May ≈ 4 min
Works, 16: 163–72, quotation, p. 172. See also Edwards, Copies of Two Letters Cited by the ≈ 4 min
Works, 16: 163–72, quotation, p. 172. See also Edwards, Copies of Two Letters Cited by the ≈ 4 min
Eighteenth-Century Scottish Revival, 1735–1750'' (Ph.D. diss., St. Mary's College, Uni- ≈ 4 min
Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991), 133–55; Arnold Dallimore, George ≈ 4 min
(Edinburgh, 1960), 528–29. ≈ 4 min
129–42, summarizes ten attacks and three replies by Whiteﬁeld. ≈ 4 min
Boston, July 29, 1745, reproduced in Tyerman, Rev. George Whiteﬁeld, 2: 150–51. ≈ 4 min
a couple of weeks earlier as he said in this letter. ≈ 4 min
ampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, ≈ 4 min
ampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, ≈ 4 min
the same text had been on the theme, ''It is in vain for any to expect to have their prayers ≈ 4 min
the same text had been on the theme, ''It is in vain for any to expect to have their prayers ≈ 4 min
(April 4, 1745). On the widespread millennial interpretations of the Louisbourg victory in ≈ 4 min
(April 4, 1745). On the widespread millennial interpretations of the Louisbourg victory in ≈ 4 min
violence; and in a French garrison I suppose there are devils of that kind, that they are not ≈ 4 min
''Taking Louisbourg by Prayer: Responses of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin to ≈ 4 min
in Getting Him the Victory (Boston, 1745), 12. Cf. pp. 12–19. ≈ 4 min
Eyes (Boston, 1745), 34. Cf. p. 35. The ''King of Glory,'' etc. is from Psalm 24. Chauncy, ≈ 4 min
Edwards to the Reverend William McCulloch, May 12, 1746, Works, 16: 209 (quotation). ≈ 4 min
On October 16, 1746, Edwards preached a fast day sermon, Isaiah 33:19–24, on the occasion ≈ 4 min
Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). On the ≈ 4 min
by the Present Rebellion in Favour of the Pretender. February 6th, 1746 (Boston, 1746), 24, 25, ≈ 4 min
in Hatch, Sacred Cause of Liberty, 50. Hatch provides valuable expositions of such themes. ≈ 4 min
were registered, thirty-two in 1746, twenty-seven in 1747, and forty-three in 1748. ≈ 4 min
were registered, thirty-two in 1746, twenty-seven in 1747, and forty-three in 1748. ≈ 4 min
30. Ibid., 149–50; and Kevin Sweeney, ''River Gods and Minor Related Deities: The ≈ 4 min
Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g., ≈ 4 min
Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g., ≈ 4 min
Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g., ≈ 4 min
touched the Edwards family most directly with the death of Jonathan's brother-in-law, the ≈ 4 min
sent to Rhode Island for wool and molasses in May 1745 (before the local Indian threat) ≈ 4 min
Edwards to the Reverend Joseph Bellamy, January 15, 1747, Works, 16: 217. ≈ 4 min
History of Northampton, 2: 169. ≈ 4 min
History of Northampton, 2: 169. ≈ 4 min
History of Northampton, 2: 169. ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 177–78. How many were living in 1747 is ≈ 4 min
and twenty chairs, presumably straight. They owned one table, plus a writing table, a book ≈ 4 min
and twenty chairs, presumably straight. They owned one table, plus a writing table, a book ≈ 4 min
4. Hopkins, Life, 43. ≈ 4 min
Minkema for this information. Edwards also catechized the children of the town and set ≈ 4 min
Character,'' 95–96. On breaking the will, see chapter 1, note 24, above. ≈ 4 min
Old Light pastor Joseph Noyes and was friends with the daughters of Rector Clap, ≈ 4 min
Northern New England, 1650–1750 (New York: Vintage, 1980), 35–50. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
Works, 7: 445–46. ≈ 4 min
of the missionary's published journal when he was amazed to see the returning travelers at ≈ 4 min
detained by the increase in his disorder.'' Thomas Brainerd, The Life of John Brainerd ≈ 4 min
Corinthians 5:8 (October 9, 1747), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 26–36. ≈ 4 min
Corinthians 5:8 (October 9, 1747), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 26–36. ≈ 4 min
to Mary Edwards Dwight, April 18, 1758, in Esther Edwards Burr, The Journal of Esther ≈ 4 min
Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for ≈ 4 min
Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for ≈ 4 min
Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for ≈ 4 min
so does not appear in the collected letters. Edwards to John Erskine, August 31, 1748, ≈ 4 min
''Jonathan Dickinson,'' in American National Biography, ed. John Garraty and Mark ≈ 4 min
Alexander, Biographical Sketches of the Founder and Principal Alumni of the Log College ≈ 4 min
columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these ≈ 4 min
columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these ≈ 4 min
columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these ≈ 4 min
the omission of the July 1743 incident, see Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Life of David Brainerd, ≈ 4 min
and the Persistence of Puritan Piety,'' in Francis Bremer, ed., Puritanism: Transatlantic ≈ 4 min
a ''disease'' that could be mistaken for ''desertion by God'' doubtless would have applied to ≈ 4 min
romantic interest in Jerusha when he left for Northampton later that year. ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 62–86. On the contrasting ideals ≈ 4 min
After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747). ≈ 4 min
After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747). ≈ 4 min
After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747). ≈ 4 min
summary regarding the Concert of Prayer follows closely that of Stephen J. Stein, ''Edi- ≈ 4 min
People, Works, 5: 349, where he quotes a Scottish pastor who said of the Lord's Prayer, that ≈ 4 min
Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse- ≈ 4 min
Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse- ≈ 4 min
Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse- ≈ 4 min
Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74. ≈ 4 min
Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74. ≈ 4 min
Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74. ≈ 4 min
Protestant Visions of the Last Things, 1880–1925 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ≈ 4 min
Moses Lowman, an inﬂuential recent interpreter who argued that the rise of the papacy ≈ 4 min
49. ''An Account of Events Probably Fulﬁlling the Sixth Vial on the River Euphrates, ≈ 4 min
William McCulloch, October 7, 1748, Works, 16: 255–56. ≈ 4 min
53. Wertenbaker, Princeton, 25–26. ≈ 4 min
54. Edwards to John Erskine, October 14, 1748, Works, 16: 261, quoting part (appar- ≈ 4 min
1940), 218, citing Extracts from the Itineraries and Other Miscellanies of Ezra Stiles, ed. ≈ 4 min
Edwards, May 31, 1748, Works, 16: 262–63. ≈ 4 min
pages from MS sermon notes on Job 36: 26–27 and Hosea 3: 1–3, Beinecke. The date is in ≈ 4 min
versity Press, 1946), 29, quoting a student of the College of New Jersey in 1752. ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 196–97. ≈ 4 min
long as we know how to be.'' Edwards to Sarah Edwards, June 22, 1748, Works, 16: 247. ≈ 4 min
long as we know how to be.'' Edwards to Sarah Edwards, June 22, 1748, Works, 16: 247. ≈ 4 min
Breaking and Withering of the Strong Rods of a Community, June 26, 1748 (Boston, 1748), ≈ 4 min
the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 393–401. ≈ 4 min
9. Trumbull, History of Northampton, 2: 101. ≈ 4 min
''servant'' seems to suggest that male African slaves who were full members of the church ≈ 5 min
Lieutenant Elisha Hawley (see chapter 22, below), or he may still have been still reacting to ≈ 5 min
(1752), Works, 12: 61–62; 361, for samples of the sort of brief profession he was requesting. ≈ 5 min
ist and Christian World, October 3, 1903, reprinted in Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A ≈ 5 min
ford Seminary Foundation, as transcribed by George Claghorn, recounted that in winter ≈ 5 min
Houghton Library, MS Am 1427.1 [1]), May 6, 1749, transcribed by George Claghorn, ≈ 5 min
Houghton Library, MS Am 1427.1 [1]), May 6, 1749, transcribed by George Claghorn, ≈ 5 min
schism by 1750, totaling eighty congregations. Stephen Foster, The Long Argument: English ≈ 5 min
schism by 1750, totaling eighty congregations. Stephen Foster, The Long Argument: English ≈ 5 min
Church of England was apostate in response to a suggestion that a Connecticut congrega- ≈ 5 min
included in An Humble Inquiry into the Rules of the Word of God, Concerning the Qualiﬁca- ≈ 5 min
model, Stoddard denied that the Old Testament practices regarding Passover provided an ≈ 5 min
bers made the half-way covenant less important than elsewhere, since it applied only to the ≈ 5 min
twenty communicants, which include almost all our adult persons.'' Kenneth Minkema in ≈ 5 min
Israelites, when they left Egypt, all partook of the Passover, with no profession required, ≈ 5 min
an ambassador to a prince who asks a lady for a tangible sign that she accepts the prince's ≈ 5 min
an ambassador to a prince who asks a lady for a tangible sign that she accepts the prince's ≈ 5 min
Sensible Signs Represent: Jonathan Edwards' Sermons on the Lord's Supper,'' Pro Ecclesia ≈ 5 min
Sensible Signs Represent: Jonathan Edwards' Sermons on the Lord's Supper,'' Pro Ecclesia ≈ 5 min
in Danaher, ''By Sensible Signs,'' 283. I am much indebted to Danaher's analysis of the ≈ 5 min
written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have ≈ 4 min
written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have ≈ 4 min
written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have ≈ 4 min
Edwards to Ebenezer Parkman, September 11, 1749, Works, 16: 291–92, detailing the di≈- ≈ 4 min
Am 1427.1 [1]), transcribed by George Claghorn. ≈ 4 min
''was'' to ''were'' in the ﬁrst quotation to ﬁt modern usage.) Cf. Edwards' detailed account ≈ 4 min
Seth Pomeroy and Joseph Hawley as ''both worthy pious men.'' ≈ 4 min
Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 164–66, 257n, and Kathryn Kish ≈ 4 min
Papers, New York Public Library, George Claghorn transcription. Edwards to John ≈ 4 min
claims that Edwards was attempting to give himself dictatorial powers was that he had ≈ 4 min
claims that Edwards was attempting to give himself dictatorial powers was that he had ≈ 4 min
transcribed in ''Narrative of the Communion Controversy,'' 599. ≈ 4 min
[Elisha Williams], The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants, A Seasonable Plea for the ≈ 4 min
352–53. Edwards to Thomas Gillespie, July 1, 1750, ibid., 386. ≈ 4 min
1940), 256, quoting Diary of David Hall, MS in Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. ≈ 4 min
Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 212–41. ≈ 4 min
controversy, a few of the young people of the town had been hopefully awakened during ≈ 4 min
wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the ≈ 4 min
wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the ≈ 4 min
wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the ≈ 4 min
wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the ≈ 4 min
1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 235. ≈ 4 min
Trumbull, History of Northampton, 2: 227, 235–36. ≈ 4 min
Dwight Family Papers, box 1, Beinecke, Claghorn transcription, mentions Edwards' trip ≈ 4 min
pers, box 1, Beinecke, Claghorn transcription. It is not clear what Dwight's o≈ce was at ≈ 4 min
concerns to a number of Edwards' ministerial friends (Thomas Prince, Thomas Foxcroft, ≈ 4 min
conﬁrms his coolness to the plan for another church in Northampton. ≈ 4 min
conﬁrms his coolness to the plan for another church in Northampton. ≈ 4 min
made to go to Stockbridge, Edwards was importuned to settle in Virginia by a delegation ≈ 4 min
had ﬁnanced and distributed the publication. ≈ 4 min
30. [Williams], Essential Rights and Liberties. Although Williams' book included a ≈ 4 min
387–93. His second wife, Elizabeth Scott, was a hymn-writer of some renown. ≈ 4 min
they engaged Ashley to come and deliver some sermons opposing Edwards' views. ≈ 4 min
they engaged Ashley to come and deliver some sermons opposing Edwards' views. ≈ 4 min
cousin. His mother was a Chester and may have been related to the Chester sisters who ≈ 4 min
Necessary to Lawful Communion in the Christian Sacraments, Being an Answer to the Rever- ≈ 4 min
newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter ≈ 4 min
newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter ≈ 4 min
newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter ≈ 4 min
newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter ≈ 4 min
186–87. See Trumbull, History of Northampton, for summaries of these men's careers. ≈ 5 min
adding that Timothy Edwards may be more important than Stoddard as a model for ≈ 5 min
adding that Timothy Edwards may be more important than Stoddard as a model for ≈ 5 min
than Edwards, Church History 70 (December 2001): 674–704, presents a valuable analysis ≈ 5 min
Boys: The Transformation of Gender in Eighteenth-Century Northampton, Massa- ≈ 5 min
University of California Press, 1966), 91–116. ≈ 4 min
University of California Press, 1966), 91–116. ≈ 4 min
chapter 23. The Mission ≈ 4 min
Connecticut whom the seventeenth-century New England settlers encountered. James ≈ 4 min
Williams family was Welsh in origin. The settlers were all from New England, and I am ≈ 4 min
ation of Indian Land in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1736–1818,'' New England Quarterly ≈ 4 min
(Stockbridge, Mass.: Berkshire Traveller Press, 1974), 31. ≈ 4 min
(New York, 1972 [Boston, 1753]), 89. On Hannah Edwards, see Wheeler, ''Living upon ≈ 4 min
its hillside location to downtown Stockbridge not far from the site of Sergeant's original ≈ 4 min
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 81. ≈ 4 min
number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen ≈ 4 min
number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen ≈ 4 min
number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen ≈ 4 min
to Edwards' arrival. ≈ 4 min
gan's wonderful chapter 5, ''Abigail'' in Morgan, Ezra Stiles, 78–89. ''More ways than one'' ≈ 4 min
and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 464–65. ≈ 4 min
and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 464–65. ≈ 4 min
Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988), ≈ 4 min
Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988), ≈ 4 min
liams: A Documentary Life, ed. Wyllis E. Wright (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berskire County ≈ 4 min
with the strict Edward Billings of Cold Spring, one of Edwards' ﬁrmest supporters in the ≈ 4 min
Town (New York: Vintage, 1995), 36, 19–40, 56. Eventually the Stockbridge moved again ≈ 4 min
American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from ≈ 4 min
American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from ≈ 4 min
American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from ≈ 4 min
and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed- ≈ 4 min
and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed- ≈ 4 min
and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed- ≈ 4 min
and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed- ≈ 4 min
homestead and other land near the town for wood. The former most likely was to provide ≈ 4 min
homestead and other land near the town for wood. The former most likely was to provide ≈ 4 min
livered at ''Jonathan Edwards in Historical Memory'' conference, Coral Gables, Fla., ≈ 4 min
in Frazier, Mohicans of Stockbridge, 94. ≈ 4 min
in Frazier, Mohicans of Stockbridge, 94. ≈ 4 min
(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1976), 15–16. Jonathan Sr., however, declined to learn ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es- ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es- ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es- ≈ 4 min
McCulloch, November 24, 1752, Works, 16: 544. ≈ 4 min
tary Andrew Oliver, May 1752, Works, 16: 476. ≈ 4 min
Account of His Services among the Indians . . . .,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical ≈ 4 min
Hope,'' who quotes, p. 178, from David Brainerd, Mirabilia Die Inter Indicos . . . a Jour- ≈ 4 min
Hope,'' 177. ≈ 4 min
chapter 24. Frontier Struggles ≈ 4 min
1751 or January 1752. As late as November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 413, Edwards was still writing ≈ 4 min
reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur- ≈ 4 min
reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur- ≈ 4 min
reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur- ≈ 4 min
wards to Oliver, May 1752, Works, 16: 475. See Patrick Frazier, The Mohicans of Stockbridge ≈ 4 min
Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74. ≈ 5 min
Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74. ≈ 5 min
Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74. ≈ 5 min
from typescript from George Claghorn, from Massachusetts Archives (hereafter MA), 32: ≈ 5 min
to place his own son as head of the boarding school. Dwight had alleged that Edwards ≈ 5 min
Works, 16: 526, alleged that Dwight planned to divert the king's bounty of £500 sterling ≈ 5 min
Dwight to help him sell some land at Winchester. Cf. Wyllis Wright, Colonel Ephraim ≈ 5 min
Works, 16: 423. ≈ 5 min
Works, 16: 423. ≈ 5 min
Rhode Island Historical Society (hereafter RIHS), transcribed by George Claghorn. ≈ 5 min
conversation with Abigail, which he thought was ''altogether friendly.'' His fullest sum- ≈ 5 min
Williams to Edwards, August 19, 1752, RIHS. ≈ 5 min
Williams to Edwards, August 19, 1752, RIHS. ≈ 5 min
Dwight to Thomas Williams, November 1, 1752, in Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 67. ≈ 5 min
Court the report of the legislature's committee to oversee the mission. The committee, ≈ 5 min
Pepperrell, dated August 29, 1753, urging Pepperrell to write to Joseph Paice, one of the ≈ 5 min
bard, March 19, 1753, Works, 16: 564–76, a more formal refutation of Dwight's charges, ≈ 5 min
occasion of this revealing letter is that shortly after the death of Elizabeth's husband, ≈ 5 min
printed in Usher Parsons, The Life of Sir William Pepperrell (Boston, 1855), 252. Pepperrell ≈ 5 min
Gideon Hawley of Mashpee, Containing an Account of His Services among the Indi- ≈ 4 min
quaga Indians, who left at the same time, made clear that their disillusionment was with ≈ 4 min
Works, 16: 581–86, outlines this plan. Edwards also recommended that the Ashleys be ≈ 4 min
Works, 16: 581–86, outlines this plan. Edwards also recommended that the Ashleys be ≈ 4 min
trip, drawing directly from a diary he had kept at the time. ≈ 4 min
Williams Jr. et al., September 11, 1753, September 18, 1753, and November 19, 1753, Works, 16: ≈ 4 min
the mission was that so many agencies were involved in its oversight that it was seldom ≈ 4 min
626–27, 629–43. ≈ 4 min
Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had ≈ 4 min
Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had ≈ 4 min
Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had ≈ 4 min
of the incident is based on Edwards' letter and on the account in Frazier, Mohicans of ≈ 4 min
Invasion Within: The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America (New York: Oxford ≈ 4 min
Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976), Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 74–75; Fred ≈ 4 min
wards' Last Will, and Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from Bibliotheca Sacra 33 (1876): 438– ≈ 4 min
wards' Last Will, and Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from Bibliotheca Sacra 33 (1876): 438– ≈ 4 min
was Edwards able to perform his full duties, preaching ﬁve sermons to the Indians and ﬁve ≈ 4 min
was Edwards able to perform his full duties, preaching ﬁve sermons to the Indians and ﬁve ≈ 4 min
quotes, p. 107, the letter from Samuel Hopkins to Joseph Bellamy, September 3, 1754. Also ≈ 4 min
MA, 13: 581–82. Photocopy furnished by George Claghorn. Quotations are also found in ≈ 4 min
MA, 13: 581–82. Photocopy furnished by George Claghorn. Quotations are also found in ≈ 4 min
Edwards Burr, 1754–1757, ed. Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale ≈ 4 min
form of extended letters to her friend Sally Prince, daughter of Thomas Prince, in Boston. ≈ 4 min
illnesses, Edwards repreached to his English congregation a thanksgiving sermon that he ≈ 4 min
state as to my health.'' ≈ 4 min
state as to my health.'' ≈ 4 min
Foxcroft, March 8, 1755, Works, 16: 658. ≈ 4 min
Foxcroft might hear of plans for Edwards to leave. Dwight also wrote to Foxcroft regard- ≈ 4 min
Claghorn's note, Works, 16: 659n. ≈ 4 min
quoted in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 12: 396. ≈ 4 min
Foxcroft, June 3, 1755, Works, 16: 668. ≈ 4 min
Edwards had moved his Stockbridge boys to the safer conﬁnes of Bethlehem, where his ≈ 4 min
Burr, 1754–1757, ed. Carol F. Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale Univer- ≈ 4 min
British North America, 1754–1766 (New York: Knopf, 2000), 86–114, provides the most ≈ 4 min
Burr, 163–64 and August 8–9, p. 142. Burr wrote almost daily to Prince in what is virtually a ≈ 4 min
Day Set Apart for Solemn Fasting and Prayer, on Account of the Late Encroachments of the ≈ 4 min
Braddock is new. Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
Braddock is new. Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49. ≈ 4 min
Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49. ≈ 4 min
Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49. ≈ 4 min
Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49. ≈ 4 min
History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, ≈ 4 min
Sedgwick and Christina Sedgwick Marquand, Stockbridge, 1739–1974 (Stockbridge, Mass.: ≈ 4 min
12. Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 110–11, 153–61. ≈ 4 min
13. Edwards to John Erskine, December 11, 1755, Works, 16: 679–81. ≈ 4 min
14. Burr, Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, September 26 to October 11, 1755, pp. 153–58. ≈ 4 min
1940), 287. George Claghorn in his ''Character Summary: Gideon Hawley,'' furnished to ≈ 5 min
1940), 287. George Claghorn in his ''Character Summary: Gideon Hawley,'' furnished to ≈ 5 min
His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided ≈ 5 min
His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided ≈ 5 min
His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided ≈ 5 min
His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided ≈ 5 min
tions a visit from ''the oyster man,'' March 21, 1755, p. 102. We have record of a number of ≈ 5 min
the learning and the academic discipline of the boys disappointing. ≈ 5 min
Prince, August 16 to September 19, 1756, in Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 217–24. ≈ 5 min
Point expedition and moved into a defensive position, p. 157. ≈ 5 min
Longhouse: The People of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel ≈ 5 min
Longhouse: The People of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel ≈ 5 min
quoted in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 12: 399, cf. 398–400. Later, when Hawley was settled ≈ 5 min
Hawley of Mashpee, Containing an Account of His Services among the Indians . . . ,'' ≈ 4 min
693–94, and ''Editor's Introduction,'' p. 693. ≈ 4 min
versity Press, 1946), 38–40. Wertenbaker omits any reference to the revival which inaugu- ≈ 4 min
February 21, 1757, as excerpted in Edwards to John Erskine, April 12, 1757, Works, 16: 703–4. ≈ 4 min
Burr, 250–58. ≈ 4 min
Burr, 250–58. ≈ 4 min
Burr, 250–58. ≈ 4 min
Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 271. Edwards to Joseph Bellamy, August 6, 1757, Works, 16: ≈ 4 min
December 22, 1757, p. 299. Cf. ''Introduction,'' 17, which says the fever was malaria. ≈ 4 min
ber 2, 1757, in Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 292–95. Edwards to Esther Burr, Novem- ≈ 4 min
of Edwards transcription. Stockton was engaged to Annis Boudinot, a close friend of ≈ 4 min
with ﬂaccid solids, vapid, sizy and scarce ﬂuids, and a low tide of spirits; often occasioning ≈ 4 min
with ﬂaccid solids, vapid, sizy and scarce ﬂuids, and a low tide of spirits; often occasioning ≈ 4 min
November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine ≈ 4 min
chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine ≈ 4 min
chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine ≈ 4 min
1. Edwards to Trustees of the College of New Jersey, October 19, 1757, Works, 16: 729. ≈ 4 min
2. Freedom of the Will, Works, 1: 437. ≈ 4 min
Public Library, George Claghorn transcription. ≈ 4 min
1955), 63–72, provides a useful overview which I have followed. Wright mentions a number ≈ 4 min
the Following Subjects . . . (Boston, 1756), 27, both quoted in Clyde A. Holbrook, ''Editor's ≈ 4 min
''Editor's Introduction,'' 697–98. ≈ 4 min
15: 12–21. ≈ 4 min
15: 12–21. ≈ 4 min
Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98. ≈ 4 min
Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98. ≈ 4 min
Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98. ≈ 4 min
Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98. ≈ 4 min
the American Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967); Isaac Kramnick, ≈ 4 min
lem of Human Nature,'' in Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of ≈ 4 min
Arminian challenge to Calvinist doctrines: total depravity, unconditional election, limited ≈ 4 min
dletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1989), 11–13, and Norman Fiering, Jonathan ≈ 4 min
tial authors. Thomas Chubb (1679–1747) was a popular English opponent of much tradi- ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429. ≈ 4 min
Locke, who was inﬂuenced by Hobbes. Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will, ≈ 4 min
Locke, who was inﬂuenced by Hobbes. Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will, ≈ 4 min
Edwards transcription). Cf. Ramsey's analysis, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will, Works, ≈ 4 min
inferior beings if governed by blind chance. ''Whereas machines are guided by an under- ≈ 4 min
Will, Works, 1: 381–83. In Original Sin, see chapter 27, below, Edwards dealt more directly ≈ 4 min
Principles of Morality and Natural Religion, by Lord Kames; in a Letter to a Minister of the ≈ 4 min
Principles of Morality and Natural Religion, by Lord Kames; in a Letter to a Minister of the ≈ 4 min
Religious Tradition and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina ≈ 4 min
lish its author as the greatest philosopher-theologian yet to grace the American scene.'' ≈ 4 min
2. ''Book of Controversies,'' Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription. ≈ 4 min
tion,'' Works, 3: 20. ≈ 4 min
tion,'' Works, 3: 20. ≈ 4 min
debated whether to put his discussion of moral sense in Original Sin or True Virtue (where ≈ 4 min
Calvinism, the Congregational Ministry, and Reform in New England between the Great ≈ 4 min
Hopkins, 55. ≈ 4 min
8. Original Sin, Works, 3: 102. ≈ 4 min
9. Ibid., 152–53, cf. 107–205. ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of ≈ 4 min
discussion of related problems, pp. 99–118. ≈ 4 min
discussion of related problems, pp. 99–118. ≈ 4 min
sion of some of the problems regarding Edwards' multiple levels of causality, Holbrook, ≈ 4 min
Sin was the least inﬂuential of his major theological works. In the nineteenth century even ≈ 4 min
Sin was the least inﬂuential of his major theological works. In the nineteenth century even ≈ 4 min
University of California Press, 1966), 91–116. Gay was challenging the emphases of Perry ≈ 4 min
York: Oxford University Press, 2002), provides an excellent recent account. ≈ 4 min
461 (1729–30) Works, 13, and 702 (1736–37), Works, 18. ≈ 4 min
461 (1729–30) Works, 13, and 702 (1736–37), Works, 18. ≈ 4 min
Sin in 1758, which Edwards had likely read and approved before he left Stockbridge. See ≈ 4 min
[1734]), Epistle 1, ll. 289–94, pp. 50–51; Epistle, 3, ll. 109–14, p. 103. ≈ 4 min
see Paul Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Works, 1: 113–17. ≈ 4 min
to whom the dissertation is addressed, Concerning the End for Which God Created the World, ≈ 4 min
York: Scribner's, 1903). ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com- ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com- ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com- ≈ 4 min
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com- ≈ 4 min
Harvard University Press, 1989), 248–50. ≈ 4 min
13. Francis Hutcheson, A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy (Glasgow, 1747), 16–17. ≈ 4 min
Enlightenment (New York, 2000), 175–76. The idea that private vices beget public beneﬁts ≈ 4 min
1680–1760 (New York: Twayne, 1997), 3–4. See also Ned Landsman, Scotland and Its First ≈ 4 min
1680–1760 (New York: Twayne, 1997), 3–4. See also Ned Landsman, Scotland and Its First ≈ 4 min
almost all the contemporary philosophers included some mention of duty to God. Yet he ≈ 4 min
almost all the contemporary philosophers included some mention of duty to God. Yet he ≈ 4 min
tions (London, 1728), 210–11, quotation p. 211. ≈ 4 min
tions (London, 1728), 210–11, quotation p. 211. ≈ 4 min
century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345. ≈ 4 min
century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345. ≈ 4 min
century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345. ≈ 4 min
proportion, so anyone might appreciate it as a ''secondary beauty,'' and even evil persons ≈ 4 min
it simply means to love our own happiness, which is simply to love what we love. The ≈ 4 min
it simply means to love our own happiness, which is simply to love what we love. The ≈ 4 min
regarded only truly spiritual persons as having a ''truly spiritual sense or virtuous taste.'' ≈ 4 min
College of New Jersey, October 19, 1757, Works, 16: 725–30. ≈ 4 min
Messianic Prophecy, and 'The Harmony of the Old and New Testaments,' '' in Jonathan ≈ 4 min
2000), 433. Cf. pp. 431–42, on the two late great works. ≈ 4 min
section to Stein's most helpful overview of Edwards' biblical work. ≈ 4 min
and Scriptural Exegesis,'' in Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience, ed. Nathan O. ≈ 4 min
cellanies,'' but they were separate enterprises. ≈ 4 min
cellanies,'' but they were separate enterprises. ≈ 4 min
the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu- ≈ 4 min
the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu- ≈ 4 min
the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu- ≈ 4 min
in nineteenth-century versions of Edwards' works as ''The Insu≈ciency of Reason as a ≈ 4 min
14. ''E≈cacious Grace,'' book 2, pp. 62–63, Beinecke, as transcribed and quoted by ≈ 4 min
ed. Hickman, 2: 557. ≈ 4 min
way to answer the eighteenth-century critics of the morality of some biblical teachings. For ≈ 4 min
way to answer the eighteenth-century critics of the morality of some biblical teachings. For ≈ 4 min
this quotation (p. 44) in developing this theme and also points out in a related note (p. 219) ≈ 4 min
God has provided for his people, no more than probable evidences of the truth of the ≈ 4 min
created minds, free will etc.,'' and a third ''Of excellency, Trinity, etc.'' That would be ≈ 4 min
created minds, free will etc.,'' and a third ''Of excellency, Trinity, etc.'' That would be ≈ 4 min
furnishes much other valuable information on the project. ≈ 4 min
later published as An Unpublished Essay of Edwards on the Trinity, ed. George P. Fisher ≈ 4 min
Works of Edwards transcription. Cf. Wilson's very helpful analysis, Works, 9: 61–72. ≈ 4 min
ogy, Enlightenment Religion, and Non-Christian Faiths (New York: Oxford University ≈ 4 min
University of California Press, 1966), 88–117. Gay's astute observations are marred by his ≈ 4 min
wards and the Bible, 164. Brown, esp. pp. 64–76, has a helpful discussion of this theme. ≈ 5 min
dia of Philosophy, 4: 445. ≈ 5 min
Jonathan Edwards (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), esp. 211–14. ≈ 5 min
Jonathan Edwards (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), esp. 211–14. ≈ 5 min
that Edwards wrote on at some length. See ''Concerning the Necessity and Reasonable- ≈ 5 min
creation and providence, are subordinate to the work of redemption.'' In Miscellany no. ≈ 5 min
scription. Cf. Dwight, Life, 581. Susannah also reported that for his sermon in Stockbridge ≈ 5 min
scription. Cf. Dwight, Life, 581. Susannah also reported that for his sermon in Stockbridge ≈ 5 min
York: Scribner's, 1901), May 24, 1779, 2: 337, quoted in Ola Winslow, Jonathan Edwards, ≈ 5 min
York: Scribner's, 1901), May 24, 1779, 2: 337, quoted in Ola Winslow, Jonathan Edwards, ≈ 5 min
5. Hopkins, Life, 79. ≈ 5 min
Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 274. ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38. ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38. ≈ 4 min
Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38. ≈ 4 min
transcription. ≈ 4 min
words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship- ≈ 4 min
words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship- ≈ 4 min
words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship- ≈ 4 min
disciples and descendants who cared for and edited his papers. Yet nothing that has ≈ 4 min
of Esther Edwards Burr, 302–3. ≈ 4 min
of Esther Edwards Burr, 302–3. ≈ 4 min
tion, George Claghorn transcription. ≈ 4 min
tion, George Claghorn transcription. ≈ 4 min
Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 307–8. ≈ 4 min
wards (Boston, 1765), appendix, p. 97. (This appendix is not in the Levin republication ≈ 4 min
wards (Boston, 1765), appendix, p. 97. (This appendix is not in the Levin republication ≈ 4 min
family in Philadelphia until 1760 when Timothy Edwards, recently married, became their ≈ 4 min
spearean tragedy where bodies strew a stage.'' Elisabeth D. Dodds, Marriage to a Di≈cult ≈ 4 min
ligious Tradition, and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ≈ 4 min
Letters, ed. Lester J. Cappon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 399, ≈ 4 min
of Divine Wonders: The New Divinity and Village Revivals in Northwestern Connecticut, ≈ 4 min
points out its speciﬁcally Edwardsean character, quotation, p. 104. See ibid., on Edwards' ≈ 4 min
Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg, ≈ 4 min
Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg, ≈ 4 min
Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg, ≈ 4 min
1930), 36, 63, 66–67, 253. Cf. Conforti, Edwards, 186–90 on Parkes, Vernon Parrington, ≈ 4 min
Joseph Haroutunian, Piety versus Moralism: The Passing of the New England Theology ≈ 4 min
Joseph Haroutunian, Piety versus Moralism: The Passing of the New England Theology ≈ 4 min
Clark, 1937), 101–3, 113–16, 135–45. ≈ 4 min
Edwards, for example, lists more than ﬁve hundred publications just for the 1980s. M. X. ≈ 4 min
cally are Robert Jenson, America's Theologian: A Recommendation of Jonathan Edwards ≈ 78 min

Author	George M. Marsden
Language	తెలుగు + English
First published	2003
Era	Contemporary
Categories	Christian Biography · Church History
Topics	Revival · The Church & Its History
Chapters	1155
Length	638 pages
Formats	PDF · Study Companion · Web Book

Jonathan Edwards: A Lifeజోనాథన్ ఎడ్వర్డ్స్: ఒక జీవితం

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