Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whitefield,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
∑∂∫ Notes to Pages 206–13
10. On Whitefield, see Nathan Cole, ''The Spiritual Trials of Nathan Cole,'' ed. Michael Crawford, William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 33 (1976): 93. On Edwards, Whitefield, Journals, October 17, 1740, p. 476.
11. Cf. anonymous contemporary description of Whitefield, from the New England Journal, quoted in Arnold A. Dallimore, George Whitefield: The Life and Times of the Great Evangelist of the Eighteenth-Century Revival, vol. 1 (London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1970), 435–36. 12. Whitefield, Journals, October 17–19, 1740, pp. 475–77. Another often quoted letter, supposedly from Sarah Edwards to James Pierpont, October 24, 1740, describing Whitefield's preaching on this occasion, is an apocryphal nineteenth-century invention.
13. Edwards to Whitefield, December 14, 1740, Works, 16: 87. Edwards to Thomas Prince, December 12, 1743, Works, 16: 115–27.
14. Whitefield, Journals, October 19, 1740, p. 477. 15. Ibid., October 12, 1740, p. 473. 16. Ibid., October 19, 1740, p. 476–77. 17. This interpretation essentially follows that of Stout, Divine Dramatist, 156–73. See Dallimore, Whitefield, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information.
18. Whitefield, Journals, October 21, 1740, p. 479. Parkman's diary, October 20, 1740, mentions it being very cold with light snow on the ground Monday morning, further east in Westborough. Ebenezer Parkman, The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman, 1703–1782 (Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1974), 85.
19. Cole, ''Spiritual Trials,'' 93. Cole's famous account was of Whitefield's appearance in Middletown, Connecticut, two days after Whitefield left Edwards, an appearance which drew no special comment in Whitefield's journal other than that about four thousand were present, not an unusual crowd. Whitefield, Journals, October 23, 1740, p. 479.
20. On the awakening as an unprecedented intracolonial popular event, see Stout, Divine Dramatist, and Stout, New England Soul, chap. 10. On the awakening as an international phenomenon, see esp. Susan O'Brien, ''A Transatlantic Community of Saints: The Great Awakening and the First Evangelical Network, 1735–1755,'' American Historical Review 91 (1986): 811–32; and W. R. Ward, The Protestant Evangelical Awakening (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
21. Whitefield, Journals, October 21, 1740, p. 478. 22. Harry S. Stout, The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 194–95.
23. Whitefield, Journals, October 21, 1740, p. 479. 24. Edwards to Thomas Clap, October 29, 1744, Works, 16: 157. 25. The Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit of God, Works, 4: 230. 26. Ibid., 226, 229 27. This account is based on Ava Chamberlain, ''The Grand Sower of the Seed: Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whitefield,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3 (September 1997): 368–85.
28. Edwards to Thomas Clap, October 29, 1744, Works, 16: 157. Edwards elaborates his views most fully in Religious A√ections, Works, 2: 432–58.
29. Edwards to ''Friends in Scotland,'' after September 16, 1745, Works, 16: 178. 30. Stout, Divine Dramatist, 220–33.