Timothy in ''Edwardses.''
Notes to Pages 20–26 ∑∞π
Kenneth Silverman, The Life and Times of Cotton Mather (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), 263–65. When Timothy Edwards was at Harvard he sat under the preaching of Increase and Cotton Mather, was later educated by their protégé, Peletiah Glover, had many of Cotton Mather's books in his library, and seems to have shared many of the Mathers' views. In 1717 he applied to Cotton Mather, distantly related through the Stoddard-Mather connection, for a loan. Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 26–29, 124, 645–65.
24. John Wesley, ''On Obedience to Parents,'' in The Works of the Rev. John Wesley, 16 vols. (London, 1809–12), 7: 103, quoted in Philip Greven, The Protestant Temperament: Patterns of Child-Rearing, Religious Experience, and the Self in Early America (New York: Knopf, 1977), 35. Greven, 31–36, uses the Wesleys and Jonathan and Sarah Edwards and their daughter Esther as principal eighteenth-century examples of ''breaking the will.'' Greven is often criticized for generalizing too broadly about ''evangelical,'' including Puritan, childrearing practices and for depicting them as harsher than they usually were. Nonetheless, since the next two generations of Edwardses subscribed to ''breaking the will,'' it seem probable that so did Jonathan's parents. All three generations, however, tempered strict disciplines with warm loving a√ection. For one example of ''moderate'' childrearing practices among evangelical Puritan contemporary of the elder Edwards, see Judith S. Graham, Puritan Family Life: The Diary of Samuel Sewall (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000).
25. Timothy Edwards to Esther Edwards, August 7, 1711, Winslow, Edwards, 41–42. 26. Timothy Edwards to Esther Edwards, August 11, 1711, in Dwight, Life, 14. Timothy's letters to his family are strikingly more filled with open expressions of familial a√ections than are Jonathan's, who was personally more reserved.
27. Timothy Edwards, sermon on Isaiah 54:5, June 28, 1730, pp. 1 and 3, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Conn., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 153–54.
28. Timothy Edwards, ''Some Things Written for My Own Use and Comfort,'' 1, 45– 60, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 22, 144–45. Cf. Greven, Protestant Temperament, 53.
29. This estimate and what follows is indebted to Minkema's very valuable account of Timothy in ''Edwardses.''
30. Divorce proceedings quoted in Winslow, Edwards, 18, and see 18–20. Winslow speculates that the ''erratic strain'' persisted in some of the later Edwards family, including Aaron Burr Jr. See also Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 25.
31. Richard Edwards, Connecticut Archives, ''Crimes, Misdemeanors, and Divorces,'' vol. 3, item 235, Connecticut State Library, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 27.
32. Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 23, 28. 33. Ibid., 26–30 has the best account of this. 34. Ibid., 148.
chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question
1. Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God, Works, 4: 154. 2. ''Personal Narrative'' (ca. 1740), Works, 16: 790–91. Edwards' narrative was apparently written for the edification of one of his protégés, perhaps his future son-in-law Aaron Burr. See George S. Claghorn, ''Introduction'' to ''Personal Writings,'' Works, 16: 747.