Subject Index

abandonment, ⁸² Abraham, 139 A Brief Instruction on What to Look for and Expect in the Gospels(Luther),

accuracy, 197, 199, 200, 201 Acta Augstana(Luther), 128 active, 27 -29 Act of Supremacy, 232 Adam, 79, 208 -211 ad fontes, 25 -26, 271, 274 adiaphora, 242 -244, 250, 264 admiration, 214 Admonition to Peace(Luther), 44 adultery, 80, 82 Adversus Jovinianum(Jerome), 76 aesthetic appeal, 200, 201 affection, 85 affections, 274 affliction, 51 Against Hanswurst(Luther), 64, 65 Against the Antinomians(Luther), 129 Against the Heavenly Prophets(Luther), 112 Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants(Luther), 45 Against the Papacy at Rome, Founded by the Devil(Luther), ⁶⁵ Agricola, Johannes, 129, 153, 238 Albert of Magdeburg, ²⁷ Aleander, Jerome, 37 alienation, 31 alien righteousness, 128 -129 Allard, Carel, 213 -214, 234 allegory, 106 -107, 206, 208, 269 allein, 199 alliteration, 200, 274 “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God” (Luther), 47 -48, 154, 259 Amsdorf, Nicolaus von, 215, 218, 244, 246 Anabaptists, 63, 114, 119, 164, 169, 250 analogy, 206 anarchy, 101 ancient languages, 194 -201, 215 Andreae, Jakob, 230, 249 Anfechtungen, 17, 30, 258n15 anger, 64, 265 Anne (mother of Mary), 16, 17 annoyances, 91 An Open Letter on the Harsh Book against the Peasants(Luther), ⁴⁵ Antichrist, 121 anti-clericalism, 219 antinomianism, 129, 165, 174 -176, 238 -239, 276 anti-Semitism, 1 anxiety, 17, 30 Apology of the Augsburg Confession(Melanchthon), 241 Apostles’ Creed, 89, 276 Appeal for Prayer against the Turks(Luther), 65 -66 architecture, 264 Ariosto, ²³ Aristotle, 25, 217 arithmetic, 255 Arte of Prophecying(Perkins), 269 artificial music, 255 arts, 255, 258, 261, 264 asceticism, 84, 165 A Simple Way to Pray(Luther), 61 Assertion of the Seven Sacraments(Henry VIII), 231 assurance, 147, 157 -158 astronomy, 255 Athanasius, 29 atonement, 153 Augsburg, 219 Augsburg Confession, 51, 57, 120, 217, 218, 221, 229, 235 -236, 239, 242, 247 Augsburg Interim, 221, 243, 244, 246 Augustine, 18, 20, 21, 26, 30 -31, 43, 104, 146, 255, 257 Aurogallus, Matthew, 195, 197 authority, 93 of the church, 119 -120 in marriage, 82 -84 of parents, 86 of Scripture, 202 -203, 269 -270, 275

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 201, 253, 261 -263 Bainton, Roland, 24, 54, 58 baptism, 156 -157, 168, 172, 225, 276 bar form, 259 -260 Barnes, Robert, 71 -72, 231 Baroque chorale, 260 Bartolomeo, Fra, ²³ Battle of Frankenhausen, ⁴⁵ Battles, Ford Lewis, 131n37 Bavinck, Herman, 127n15 Begbie, Jeremy, 255 -256 Bern, 222 Beskendorf, Peter, ⁶¹ Beyer, Christian, 240 Beza, Theodore, 213, 230 Bible. See Scripture biblical languages, 194 -201, 215, 271 -272 biblical offices, 173 Biel, Gabriel, 144n8 Billing, Einar, 189 Bilney, Thomas, 231 Black Plague, 46 -47 Bloom, Harold, 117 Boethius, 255 Böhm, Georg, 261 Boleyn, Anne, 232 Book of Common Prayer, 233 Book of Concord, 57, 250 -251 Bora, Katharina von, 45 -46, 75, 77 -78. See also Luther, Katharina (wife) Brecht, Martin, 53, 54, 59n33, 75, 77, 100 brotherhoods, 239 Bucer, Martin, 27, 63, 65, 213, 219 -221, 233, 248, 251 Bugenhagen, Johannes, 59, 62, 215 -216, 276 Bullinger, Heinrich, 65, 213, 222, 226 -227, 251, 266 busyness, ⁹¹ Buxtehude, Dietrich, 261

Cajetan, Thomas, 27 calling, 61, 178 -190, 277 Calvin, John, 27, 110, 111, 119, 124, 145n11, 147, 170n25, 179, 189 190, 213, 248, 250, 251, 257 Cambridge University, 221 canonicity, 108 -109 Capito, Wolfgang, 219 catechetical preaching, 276 catechism, 89, 120, 265 Catechism of the Catholic Church, 142 Catherine of Aragon, 231 -232 celibacy, 77, 78, 80 -81, 84, 91, 183 charity, 125 Charlemagne, 196 Charles V, 36, 37, 38, 50, 56, 240, 242 -243 Chemnitz, Martin, 249 children, 56, 85 -92 Christendom, 66, 79, 112, 120, 280 Christian life, 157, 158, 185 -189, 239 Christology, 224 Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, 249 church, 170 -176, 181 authority of, 119 -120 marks of, 71 spiritual nature of, ⁶³ Chytraeus, David, 249 Cicero, 236 circumcision, 137, 138 civil government, 182, 225 clarity, of Scripture, 104 -105, 120, 203 -204 Clark, R. Scott, 124n3, 129 classical quadrivium, 255 Cochlaeus, Johann, 201 Collegium Biblicum, 198 Colloquy of Ratisbon, 229 Cologne, 219 Comfort for Women Who Have Had a Miscarriage(Luther), 61 -62 commandments, 205 commentaries, 202, 220 common grace, 119 “common order of Christian love”, 181, 182 community singing, 258 companionship, 84 compromise, 244 condemnation, 150 condign merit, 125, 149 confession, 188 confessionalization, 239 -241 Confessions(Augustine), 30 -31 Confutation, 240 -241 congregational singing, 253 congruent merit, 149 conscience, 28, 38, 165, 166, 238, 274 consensus, 120, 226 Consensus Tigurinus, 227, 229 Constance, 219 consubstantiation, 50, 270 controversy, 124 -125, 214, 242 -244 conversion, 27, 245, 249 -250 cooperation, 144, 145, 149, 218 Corelli, 261 Correggio, ²³ Council of Constance, 101, 104 Council of Florence, ⁷⁶ Council of Trent, 102, 233, 243 councils, 171 Cranmer, Thomas, 221, 232 -234 credentials, 117, 193 Cromwell, Thomas, 233 crusade, 20 -21 crypto-Calvinists, 230, 236, 248 culture, 182

Damian, 79 -80 darkness, 15 da Vinci, Leonardo, 23 day of judgment, 68, 125, 138 death, 70 -71, 87 debauchery, 18 -19 De Bono Conjugali(Augustine), ⁷⁶ December Testament, 201 -202 De Institutione Musica(Boethius), 255 del Sarto, Andrea, 23 depression, 46, 47, 54, 70 des Prez, Josquin, 254, 264 devil. See Satan dietary laws, 138 Diet of Augsburg, 50, 68, 155n44, 217 Diet of Nuremberg, 39, ⁴⁰ Diet of Worms, 215 Dietrich, Viet, 155n44 discipleship, 92 discipline, 89 -90, 173 discouragement, 46, 72, 276 -277 disillusionment, 19 division, 214 divorce, 82 doctrine, 61, 120, 143, 276 double grace, 133 drunkenness, ⁶⁰ Dumas, Alexander, ²³ Dunn, James D.G., 137n55

Eastern Orthodox Church, 121 ecclesia sancta catholica, 171 Ecclesiastical Ordinances(Calvin), 228 Eck, Johann, 29, 35, 37, 100, 101, 200, 223, 237, 240 economy, 182 ecumenical councils, 171 ecumenical creeds, 120 Edict of Worms, ³⁸ Edwards, Jonathan, 279, 280 Edwards, Mark U., 53, 64, ⁶⁵ Edward VI, 234 Eisenach, ¹⁶ Eisleben, 13 -14, 15 -16 emotions, 256, 262 Emser, Jerome, 200 emulation, 214 enemies, 3, ⁶³ English theologians, 231 -234 Enlightenment, 2, 116 enthusiasm, 105, 112, 114 -115, 116, 117, 119, 256 Epitome, 249 equality, ⁸³ Erasmus, Desiderius, 2, 3, 22, 24, 38, 41 -42, 63, 64, 65, 101 -102, 107, 116, 120, 144 n7, 146, 148, 150, 197, 203, 204, 223, 224 Erfurt, 16 -18 eschatology, 206 Eucharist, 16 evangelicalism, 117 evangelism, 188 Eve, 79, 208 -211 ex cathedra, 102 -103 excommunication, 121 exegesis, 105 -110, 201 -211, 215 expository preaching, 274 -276 Exsurge Domine(Leo X), 30, 35 extemporaneous sermons, 272

facere quod in se est, 144, 145, 147 faith, 4, 28, 128, 139, 207 as alone, 150 -151 and baptism, 168 and law, 238 -239 and love, 185 fall, 208 -211 false forgiveness, 280 -281 family life, 85 -92 fanatics, 113 -114, 226 Farel, William, 228 fast days, 239 fatherhood, 182 feast days, 239 Ferdinand, 112, 240 fides caritate formata, 136, 145, 151n30 fides informis, 145 folklore, 2 forgiveness, 155, 166 -167, 280 -281 formed faith, 136 Formula of Concord, 230, 248 -251 Francis I, 112 Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, 22, 23, 30, 36, 46 -47, 55, 57, 65, 99, 194, 281 Freedom of the Will(Erasmus), 41, 101, 104 -105, 148 free will, 42 -44, 104, 203, 245 -246, 249 -250 Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 219 French humanism, 227 friendship, 84 “full of grace”, 21

Gaffin, Richard B., 131n36, 134 Geistliche Gesangbuch, 259 general revelation, 119 generosity, ⁸⁸ Genevan Catechism, 228 Genevan theologians, 227 -230 geometry, 255 George, Duke of Saxony, 55, 200 German Bible, 8, 39, 55, 58, 194 -201 German chorales, 260 German language, 101, 194, 196, 197 -198, 260 German Mass, 259 glory, 26, 156 Gnesio-Lutherans, 218, 236, 244, 249 Gnosticism, 117 God character of, 104, 155 image of, 258 love of, 183 promises of, 161 -162, 205, 211 providence of, 180 -182, 280 righteousness of, 28, 99, 146 sovereignty of, 147 -148 will of, 162 -163 goodness, 158 good works, 88, 127, 129, 151, 165, 179, 182 -185, 239 gospel, 28 -29, 121, 155, 163 -167, 205, 216, 217, 270, 282 Gospel of James, 16 grace, 158, 258n15 cooperation with, 144, 145, 149, 218 as “full”, 21 as prevenient, 246 Greek, 197, 271 Greek New Testament, 24, 38, 107 Gregorian chants, 259 Gregory the Great, 120 -121 Grenz, Stanley, 118 -119 Grigny, Nicolas De, 261 Grimm, Harold, 266 Gritsch, Eric W., 64, 67 guilt, 141, 152 Guttenberg, Johannes, 97

Haile, H.G., ⁵³ Halle, 13 -14 Hamilton, Patrick, ⁴⁶ Häusser, Ludwig, ⁵⁰ Hebrew, 197, 271 Hedio, Caspar, ²¹ Heidelberg, 25 -29 Heidelberg Disputation, 219 Henry VIII, 71 -72, 231 -232 heresy, 115, 155, 226 hermits, 184 heroic method, 268 Hesshus, Tilemann, 230 holiness, 176, 181, 182 Holy Roman Empire, 36, 38, 196, 215 Holy Spirit illumination of, 110 indwelling of, 239 internal testimony of, 113 power of, 111 regeneration of, 245, 249 -250 renewal of, 129 and sanctification, 175 work of, 246 -247 homo incurvatus in se, 144, 147 honor, 86 -87 hospitality, 88 household, 181, 182 housekeeping, 81, 88 humana, 255 humanism, 197, 216, 219, 223, 224, 227 humanities, 255 human will, 43 -44, 217 humor, ²² Hus, Jan, 29, 36, 101, 213 hymns, 47 -48, 62, 112, 264

Icones(Beza), 230 idealism, 219 identity, 138 idolatry, 224 illness, 3, 54, 69 -70, 73, 195 illumination, 110 Illyricus, Matthias Flacius, 218 image of God, 258 immorality, 60, 77 impatience, 1 incurvatus in se, 144 individualism, 116 -117 indulgences, 20 -21, 23, 24, 142 -144, 280 infant baptism, 225 infused righteousness, 134 Innocent II (Pope), 76 Institutes of the Christian Religion(Calvin), 110, 131, 137, 145n11, 170n25, 189, 228 institutions, 164, 177 instrumentalis, 255 instrumental music, 253 intercessory prayer, 282 interpretation, of Scripture, 105 -110, 201 -211 intimacy, 85 invisible church, 63 inward experience, 113, 118, 163, 170, 224, 262 Isaac, Heinrich, 264

Jacob, 72 -73 James, 108 -109 Japan Bach Collegium, 263 Jerome, 76, 150 Jesus Christ as a gift, 207 as alone, 151 -153 centrality of, 108 -110 death of, 139 natures of, 224, 250 on the Old Testament, 204 -205 promises of, 161 -162 righteousness of, 128 -129, 134 union with, 132 -137, 151 -153, 156 -157 work of, 162 -163 John Frederick of Saxony, 45, 240, 241, 242 Jonas, Justus, 14, 59, 74, 215 Jones, Brandon, 189 joy, 85, 157 -158, 257 Judaism, 137 judgment, 68, 125, 138, 150, 208 -209 Judiasm, ⁶⁶ Julius II (Pope), 18, 22 Junker Jorg, 16, 38 justification, 35, 42, 109, 111, 123 -140, 237

Karlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von, 29, 98, 100, 101, 112 -113, 226 kindness, ⁹⁰ Kittelson, James M., ⁶⁴ Knox, John, 213 Konzept, 268 Korner, Christopher, 249

language, 272 Large Catechism, 49, 62, 161, 170n25, 276 Latimer, Hugh, 231 Latin, 244 Latin Vulgate, 97, 107, 144, 196 -197, 210 law, 109, 129 -130, 147n19, 153, 155, 163 -167, 174, 205, 206, 217, 238 -239, 270, 276 Lazareth, William, 75 lectio continua, 275 -276 Lectures on Genesis(Luther), ⁵⁹ Leipzig, 29 -30 Leipzig Disputation, 100, 223, 237 Leipzig Interim, 218, 243 Leo X (Pope), 22 -23, 30, 35, 231 Leupold, Ulrich, 85 liberalism, 279 Liberal Protestantism, 116 Lindsay, Thomas, 36 literalism, 34, 50, 59, 106 -108, 206, 269 Loci Communes(Melanchthon), 217, 236, 237, 245, 246, 249 Loci Theologici(Chemnitz), 249 Lollards, 231 Lombard, Peter, 20 “Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Thy Word” (Luther), 112 Lord’s Prayer, 89, 276 Lord’s Supper, 49 -50, 169 -170, 172 -173, 217 -218, 222, 224 -227, 229, 247 -248, 276 love, 84, 92 -93, 145, 183, 185 Luder, Hans (father), ¹⁵ Luder, Margarethe (mother), ¹⁵ Lufft, Hans, 195 lust, ⁸⁰ Lutheranism, 129, 147, 215, 221, 224, 253, 262 Luther Bible, 195 Luther, Elizabeth (daughter), 86, 195 Luther, Hans (son), 47, 56, 85, 195 Luther, Katharina (wife), 45 -46, 47, 55 -56, 59, 65, 70, 73, 85, 88, 92, 195 Luther, Magdalene (daughter), 70 -71, 86, ⁹¹ Luther, Margaret (daughter), 56, ⁸⁶ Luther, Martin as biblical scholar, 193 -212 death of, 14, 73 -74 flaws of, 1 -4 and justification, 125 -130 on music, 252 -265 as preacher, 266 -278 Luther, Martin Jr., 86

Machiavelli, Niccolo, 23 manducatio indignorum, 220, 227, 229 manna, 180 -181 manuscript, 272 Marburg Colloquy, 50, 155n44, 220, 226, 228, 248 marriage, 55 -56, 75 -85, 185, 186 -187 as a sacrament, 76 authority in, 82 -84 dangers of, 81 -82 health of, 84 -85 martyrdom, 71 -72, 186 Mary, 21, 143, 210 Mass, 223, 225, 244, 259 McLoughlin, William, 117 means of grace, 119 Meistersingers, 254, 259 melancholy, ¹ Melanchthon, Philip, 1, 47, 48, 50 -51, 57, 62, 64, 65, 87, 91, 104, 120, 194, 195, 197, 213, 216 -218, 222, 235 -241, 243 -248 Mendelssohn, Felix, 262 -263 mental illness, 3 mercy, 158 merit, 125, 281 Meuser, Fred, 270, 275 Michelangelo, 23 miscarriage, 90 misogyny, 79 monasticism, 16 -18, 181, 184, 188, 190, 194, 239, 254 More, Thomas, 1 -2 Mortiz, Duke of Saxony, 242, 243 motherhood, 182 Muller, Richard, 133 mundana, 255 Müntzer, Thomas, 101, 113 -114 Musculus, Andreas, 249 Musculus, Wolfgang, 214, 221 -222, 228 music, 41, 47 -48, 62, 112 mysticism, 118

natural music, 255 neighbors, 183 -185 New Perspective on Paul, 125, 137 -139, 150 -51n27 New Testament, 58, 108, 194 -195, 204, 231 Ninety-Five Theses, 8, 24 -25, 100, 124, 143 -144, 160 nonessential matters, 243 -244 novelty, 103, 120, 176

obedience, 183, 187 Oberman, Heiko A., 54n3, 59, 74, 153n38, 267n3 Oecolampadius, Johannes, 63, 213 offices, 173 oikonomia, 182 Old, Hughes Oliphant, 267, 270 Old Testament, 58, 108, 195, 204 -205 On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church(Luther), 30, 34, 76, 143, 215 -216 On the Bondage of the Will(Luther), 42, 65, 101, 105, 147 -148, 244 -245 On the Councils and the Church(Luther), 62 -63, 71, 161, 171 On the Freedom of a Christian(Luther), 30, 35, 151, 152, 185, 205 On the Jews and Their Lies(Luther), 66 -67 opposition, 169 ordinary, 189 ordinary meaning, 106 -108 ordo salutis, 144 -145, 147 organ, 264 Origen, 104, 106 original languages, 194 -201, 215, 271 -272 original sin, 20, 28, 91, 126 -127, 245 orthodoxy, 262 Osiander, Andreas, 133 -134, 232 outline, 273 -274 outward, 163, 170, 224 Ozment, Steven, 125 -126

Pachelbel, Johann, 261 pacifism, 114 Packer, J.I., 42 pain, 80 painting, 255, 264 papacy, 18, 21, 29, 33 -34 papal infallibility, 103n9 parents, 86 passive, 27 -29, 245 Paul, 26, 28, 137 -139, 183, 186, 199 Paul III (Pope), 112 peace, 162 Peasants’ War, 44 -45, 113 -114 Pelagianism, 149 Pelikan, Jaroslav, 63 penance, 20, 24, 144 Perkins, William, 213, 269 persecution, 71 perseverance, 52, 69 pessimism, ⁶⁸ Peter, 187 Pfeffinger, Johann, 246 Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, 50, 242 Philippists, 218, 236, 241, 244, 249, 250 Philo, 106 philosophy, 217, 237 pietism, 262 piety, 89, 111, 117, 119, 224 pilgrimage, 177, 239 Piper, John, 272, 280 plagiarism, 200 Plato, ²⁵ Platonism, 224 poetry, 255, 264 polemical works, 1, 33 -36, 63 -67, 202, 220, 242 politics, 67 -68 polyphony, 265 popular songs, 254 postmodernism, 275 poverty, 183 prayer, 282 preaching, 40 -41, 59 -61, 119, 164, 177, 193 -194, 215, 266 -278, 282 predestination, 127, 217, 245 presumption, 125 prevenient grace, 246 pride, 265 priesthood of all believers, 34, 101, 187 promises, of God, 161 -162, 205, 211 Protestants, 169, 214, 240 providence, 180 -182, 280 pure holiness, 182 Puritans, 190

quadrivium, 255

Raguenier, Denis, 269 Raphael, 23 readability, 201 rebellion, 44 -45, 262 recantation, 234 reconciliation, 31 redemption, 210 Reformation, 10, 138, 179, 267 regeneration, 131, 133 relativism, 275 relics, 22, 23, 177, 281 Renaissance, 271, 274 repentance, 24, 131, 238 -239 resurrection, 210 Reuchlin, Johannes, 236 Rhau, Georg, 252, 253, 256 rhyme, 200 righteousness, 28, 99, 127 -129, 139, 146 rituals, 184 Roman Catholic Church, 121, 169, 250 on indulgences, 142 on priesthood, 187 superstitions of, 2 on translation, 199 on vernacular Bibles, 196 Romano, Giulio, ²³ Rome, 18 -19 Roof, Wade Clark, 118 rosaries, 239

sacramentarian controversy, 247 -248, 250 sacraments, 34, 167 -170, 225, 247 -248 sacrifice, 186, 187 Sadoleto, Jacob, 229 salvation, 14, 20, 42, 138, 143, 144 -145 sanctification Calvin on, 131 -133 family life as, 85 growth in, 179 and Holy Spirit, 174 vs. justification, 127, 135, 140 Sanctus, 259 sarcasm, ²² Satan, 2, 69, 78, 80, 81, 153 -155, 208 -211 scala sancta, 19 scatology, ¹ Schaff, Philip, 33, 46, 48, ⁴⁹ Scheidt, Samuel, 260 schism, 103, 120 Schlaginhaufen, John, 156 Schmalkaldic League, 241 Schmalkaldic War, 92, 218 Schütz, Heinrich, 260 Schwabach Articles, 240 Schwenckfeld, Caspar, 65, 226 Scripture, 172 authority of, 202 -203, 269 -270, 275 clarity of, 104 -105, 120, 203 -204 interpretation of, 105 -110, 201 -211 nature of, 104 preaching of, 110 -116 sufficiency of, 105 translation of, 8, 38 -39, 55, 58, 116, 194 -201 Second Diet of Speyer, 240 Second Great Awakening, 117 Second Helvetic Confession, 227, 267 Second Kappel War, 226 secularism, 190 self-awareness, 33 self-deception, 125 self-denial, 186 self-fulfillment, 186 -187 selfishness, 277 self-righteousness, 166 Selnecker, Nikolas, 230, 249 semi-Pelagianism, 41, 101, 149, 246 Senfl, Louis, 253 Senfl, Ludwig, 254 sensuous music, 257 sensus literalis, 106 -108 sentimentalism, 262 September Testament, 195, 201 Sermon on the Mount, 238 sermons, 40 -41, 59 -61, 177, 193 -194, 202, 268 -278 service, 184 -185 sexuality, 75 -85 shame, 80 Short Confession of the Holy Sacrament(Luther), 226 sickness, 46 -47, 69 -70, 73 simplicity, 260, 270 -274 sin, 152, 208 Sixty-Seven Articles, 223 skepticism, 275 Smalcald Articles, 57, 63, 126, 241 Small Catechism, 49, 62, 89, 183, 188, 276 sobriety, 256 society, 182 sola fide, 36, 100, 118, 150 -151, 217 sola gratia, 217 sola Scriptura, 26, 38, 100, 101 -105, 118, 216 Solid Declaration, 249 soli Deo gloria, 100 solus Christus, 100, 151 -153 songbook, 41 sorcery, 2 southern German theologians, 218 -222 sovereignty, of God, 147 -148 Spalatin, George, 2 special revelation, 119 spiritual warfare, 69 stained glass, 264 state, 181 Statute of Six Articles, 233 Staupitz, Johann von, 18, 98, 99, 147, 268 Steinmetz, David, 267n3 stenographers, 269 St Matthew Passion(Bach), 201, 262 -263 Strasbourg, 219 -220 submission, 82 -84 suffering, 69 -72, 121 -122, 174 -176, 186 sufficiency, of Scripture, 105 Suleiman the Magnificent, 112 simul iustus et peccator, 156 supererogation, 21 superstition, 2, 167, 257, 281 Suzuki, Masaaki, 263 Symphoniae Iucundae(Rhau), 252 synergistic controversy, 244 -247

Table Talk, 3 -4, 46, 59, 98, 115, 156, 271 Tauler, John, 156 teaching, 282 temptation, ⁹¹ Ten Commandments, 86, 89, 173, 174, 175, 183, 188 tentatio, ⁵¹ Tetzel, Johann, 23, 27, 142, 280 That No One Should Live for Himself but Others(Bucer), 219 theology of glory, 26, 156 theology of the cross, 156, 157, 270 third use of the law, 166, 228, 239 Thomas Aquinas, 106, 219 Tischreden, ³ Titian, ²³ Torgau Articles, 240 total depravity, 130, 147 To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation(Luther), 30, 34, 57, ⁶⁸ Tower Experience, 126 translation, 8, 38 -39, 55, 58, 116, 194 -201 transubstantiation, 34, 49 -50, 243 Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope(Melanchthon), 104 trials, 51 tropological meaning, 206 Turks, 65 -66, 112 Twenty-Eight Theses, 25 -27 Tyndale, William, 39, 231

ubiquity, 218, 227, 229 unformed faith, 145 union with Christ, 132 -137, 151 -153, 156 -157 unity, 120, 222 Univeristy of Tübingen, 249 University of Heidelberg, 219 University of Leipzig, 246 University of Wittenberg, 59, 99, 215, 236 -237, 249, 267 -268

van der Walt, B.J., ⁷⁶ Vatja, Vilmos, 187 verbum externum, 111 Vermigli, Peter Martyr, 233 victory, 210 -211 Virgil, 236 Vivaldi, 261 vocation, 178 -190 Vulgate, 97, 107, 144, 196 -197, 210

Walter, Johann, 253 Warfield, B.B., 20, ⁴² Wartburg Castle, 7 -8 way of salvation, 144 -145 Weimarer Ausgabe, 268 Wengert, Timothy, 238 Westphal, Joachim, 229, 230, 248 Whether One May Flee from a Deadly Plague(Luther), ⁴⁷ White Horse Tavern, 231, 232 Williams, Garry, 268, 271 Wills, Garry, 117 Wingren, Gustaf, 92, 179 n1, 183 Wittenberg, 7 -8, 13, 20 -25 Wittenberg Concord, 218, 220, 222, 226, 248 Wittenberg theologians, 214 -218 Wolsey, Thomas, 3, 231, 232 women, 59, 76 -77, 78 -79 Word of God. See Scripture working-class, 258 world, 178 -179 Worms, 30 -31, 36 -38 worship, 173 -174 Wright, David F., ²⁷ Wright, N.T., 137n55 Wycliffe, John, 196, 213

xenophobia, 1

Zell, Matthew, 219 Zurich theologians, 222 -227 Zwickau prophets, 101 Zwinglianism, 221, 250 Zwingli, Huldrych, 50, 63, 213, 218, 220, 222 -226, 232 -233, 251,