revealed?
FIRST SERMON
saiah, Chapter LII
13. Behold, my servant shall prosper, he shall be exalted, he shall be
lifted up, he shall be raised very high. 14. As many were astonished at thee,
because thy visage was more marred than any man's, and thy form more
than the sons of men — 15. so shall he sprinkle many nations; kings shall
shut their mouths at him; for that which had not been told them shall they
see, and that which they had not heard shall they consider.
Chapter LIII
1. Who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord
revealed?
***
The Prophet, having spoken in general of the whole people of the Jews,
now comes to the Head on whom all that he has said above depended. For
their redemption was founded on nothing other than our Lord Jesus Christ,
just as it is in him that all the promises of God are fulfilled. Now the
Redeemer had already been promised long before; but when it seemed that
the line of David was quite extinguished, the hope of the faithful might
likewise have been abolished. It had been said that God would always
establish a King and seat him on the throne of David, and that as long as
there was sun and moon in heaven, that Kingdom would be maintained and
preserved; and that even if the whole world should perish, there would be
there such firmness that one would clearly see it was a Kingdom wholly
dedicated to God. Yet it dwindled away; indeed, soon after, and little by
little, it fell into decay, until the second-to-last king was led away captive,
and the whole royal line was carried off and virtually cut off. The last, made
king at the pleasure of an unbelieving man, an enemy of all religion, and
finally having rebelled against him, was seized, his eyes put out, put on
trial, his children slaughtered, and he was condemned amid every disgrace;
the Temple and all the houses were burned. What could one make of all
this? The Jews needed to be assured by the Prophet that God would in the
end have pity on them, and that he would bring them back from their
captivity; he needed to show them that what had been said long ago to
Abraham was not vain — that in his seed all the nations of the earth would
be blessed — but that there would be a King seated of the line of David,
whose Empire would have no end, but would be eternal. This is why Isaiah
now restricts his discourse to the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, so that (I
say) what he has declared above concerning the redemption and the return
of the people might be held as certain and infallible.
Now we have seen above that our Lord was called the Servant of God,
inasmuch as he submitted himself in all obedience for the sake of our
salvation — he who was the Lord of glory, the head of the Angels, before
whom every knee ought to bow. When, then, this name of Servant is
attributed to him, let us recognise that it is because he clothed himself in our
nature, and that in it he was willing not only to humble himself but to empty
himself utterly. For it was necessary that our transgressions and iniquities
be repaired by his obedience. And as he also said to John the Baptist, it was
necessary that he fulfil all righteousness. Thus, we see how our Lord Jesus
Christ, although all majesty belongs to him and he is the eternal God, does
not therefore fail, in the time when he clothed himself with our flesh and
conformed himself to us, to be in a lower degree; in this there is no
contradiction. For although in his divine nature nothing was changed, yet if
we consider him as mediator between God and us, it is necessary that he
abase himself, as it is also said that he was made under the Law, although
he was in no way a debtor to it, and was himself he who must govern it, and
to whom all subjection is due; but he placed himself in that rank in order to
set us free from the yoke that was unbearable to us. For the Law was a
burden to overwhelm us, except insofar as our Lord Jesus bore it and
thereby freed us from it. And we ought not to find it strange that he is called
the Servant of God, seeing that he did not refuse to be ours as well — which
is far more. For if we look at our condition, there is nothing but vanity; we
are poor worms of the earth, the devil and sin even dominate over us; and
yet behold the only Son of God abasing himself to the point of employing
himself in our service, as St. Paul speaks of it: he is (he says) a minister of
the circumcision. Moreover, the Prophet has notably used this word so that
we may know that all that is here recounted of him is for the good and the
common salvation of the whole Church. Now we must consider to what
Jesus Christ was called: namely, to be the Redeemer of all the faithful and
all the elect of God. Since, then, this charge was committed to him, and
such is his calling, let us not doubt that all that is declared of his person is
common to us, and that we shall derive profit from what we shall see
hereafter. So much, then, for the Prophet's intention.
Now he says that Jesus Christ, being called to this office of saving all his
own, shall prosper, that he shall be exalted and marvellously magnified.
This is to arm the faithful against the temptation they might have had before
Jesus Christ appeared in his glory and majesty — that is, before he who is
the eternal God, full of glory, was manifested in flesh. For when the Jews
are carried away to Babylon (as we have already said), there is no more
dignity in the line of David; all of it is scraped away. It is true that when
some portion returns, there is Zerubbabel, who is held as captain and chief;
but there is no royal diadem, there is only some reputation of honour,
inasmuch as the people still retain some reverence toward this house of
David. Behold, I say, Zerubbabel who is obeyed — yes, but there is no
appearance of an Empire in it. The faithful therefore needed to be fortified
against such a temptation, and God needed to assure them that the
Redeemer would come forth, and that even if the earth should have to open,
and all the abysses to give him passage and to lift him on high, nevertheless
the thing must come to pass. Thus there is no doubt that the Prophet here
draws a comparison between two opposite things: that Jesus Christ must for
a long time be as it were hidden, indeed plunged into the depths of the
abysses, and even when he came, that he would have no great pomp to be
prized by men, but quite the contrary — that he would be rejected, or that
he would be so contemptible that one would think the salvation of the
people could never be accomplished by his means — and yet that he shall
be exalted.
And this is expressed still more fully when the Prophet says that he was
more marred than any man, and that no form was recognised in him — as if
he were not worthy to be counted among created things, but was to be held
as detestable, and men would have horror even at the sight of him. Behold,
then, what the Prophet intends when he says that Jesus Christ is exalted.
These are two things which at first sight would seem contrary, and would be
held incompatible: namely, that Jesus Christ should not be known, that he
should be sought and not be found, and that when he is seen, he should be
rejected, that nothing worthy of any esteem should be found in him — and
yet that God exalts him, magnifies him, and lifts him up so that he surpasses
all we can conceive of his majesty in this world. One would not say these
two things could be reconciled any more than fire and water; and yet the
Prophet says we must hope that God will so work that these small
beginnings will not prevent the perfection from reaching its goal. And this
is also why he says that he shall be lifted up, that he shall be exalted and
marvellously advanced on high — for this temptation was difficult to
overcome. And it is not enough that God declares to us in a word what he
intends to do; when we perceive resistances, and it seems that what God has
spoken is impossible, we must be confirmed; we must have that with which
to overcome all that could be objected, and all that might hinder us from
giving credence to the promise of God. It is thus as if the Prophet said: My
friends, wait for God to lift up the Redeemer, for he will do it. And if we
reply, Yes, but how? for the means seem too strange — do not doubt it, for
there is a power in God that is hidden from you; but (whatever the case) if
you doubt, if you waver, if you enter into dispute, when this word alone
does not suffice you, resist all these imaginations, take heart, defy all your
unbelief, and hold to this resolve — that whatever happens, God will work
beyond your expectation, beyond your opinion and your senses.
This, then, is what the Prophet intended in using these three words —
indeed four — which signify one and the same thing. And he shows it well
in saying that he was disfigured, and that no one deigned to look upon him,
because there was neither beauty nor form in him, but that he was as one
cut off from all company of men, and not worthy to be numbered among
mortal creatures. Now this will be still more fully declared in what follows,
for this same statement will be repeated for fuller explanation. But whatever
the case, the Prophet already shows that the Jews, in awaiting their
Redeemer, needed to close their eyes to all that men are accustomed to look
for, and to give place to faith, so as to hold themselves certain of the
goodness of God, however much everything ran contrary to their opinion.
And this is said not only of the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, but of the
whole course of his Gospel and of the entire order he maintains in
governing his faithful. If, then, we wish to be assured of our salvation in
Jesus Christ, we must first not be ashamed that he was thus disfigured in the
eyes of men, and that, being sent into the world, he was held as execrable
and accursed; and then further that his Gospel too has been exposed to all
manner of reproach, as we still see the like today.
For if we are ashamed to receive our Lord Jesus Christ crucified, it is
certain that we are excluded from all hope of salvation. For how are we
saved by him? How does the inheritance of heaven belong to us, except that
he was made a curse for us, and was not only cursed before men but from
the mouth of God his Father? Behold how Jesus Christ, who is the fountain
of all blessing, nevertheless bore our sins, and was made like the ancient
sacrifices which were called Sin-offerings, because it was necessary that the
wrath of God be declared there, so that men might be delivered and
absolved from it. And how is Jesus Christ our life, except in that he
swallowed up death by dying? And how are we lifted up by him, except in
that he descended even to the abysses of hell — that is, he bore the horrors
that were upon us because of our sin, and by which we would have been
overwhelmed? For it was necessary that we should always have had God
for our judge, and it is a thing more dreadful than anything else that God
should be against us. It was necessary that Jesus Christ should there enter as
our surety, the one who was to pay for us and to bear our condemnation in
order to absolve us from it. Thus let us not find it strange when we see that
he was thus disfigured; and if this is folly to our understanding, let us know
(as St. Paul says) that the foolishness of God surpasses all the wisdom of
the world.
He calls it the foolishness of God that our Lord Jesus was thus cast down;
for if men wish to sit in judgment here, it is certain they will say it is an
absurd thing. What? That he who ought to be adored in heaven and on earth
should be exposed to such reproach? And to what purpose? Thus, according
to their arrogance and presumption, men will always condemn — with a
boldness and audacity as great as anything — all that God does for their
redemption; but meanwhile God, in his own counsel, will show that he has
more wisdom than all men could conceive. And therefore let us in the first
place hold this as altogether settled: that if our Lord Jesus was
contemptible, and if he not only abased himself for us but utterly emptied
himself (as St. Paul speaks of it), we should not fail to attribute to him the
honour that belongs to him. For his glory was not diminished by this,
although it was not known to all; rather his goodness had all the greater
lustre for it. And we ought also to be seized with wonder, seeing that the
Son of God did not refuse to be as it were disfigured — he who is as the
image of God his Father — and all this so that this image might be repaired
in us. For it is certain that we are so filled with blemishes that, appearing
before God, we must be rejected, until our Lord Jesus imprints his mark
upon us, by which we may come to be pleasing to God and to find favour
before him. Thus, when we are told that he was disfigured, let us look to
ourselves, and recognise that it was necessary that he receive all our blots
and blemishes, so that we might be purged and cleansed of them, and that
now we might bring to the judgment of God nothing but justice and
holiness, which we would not have unless God communicated it to us in
Jesus Christ.
Now hereupon he adds that even the kings shall shut their mouths when
he has thus been exalted, and when they see such a change as men would
never have thought. Here he shows that we ought not to judge rashly when
we see that our Lord Jesus thus humbled and even annihilated himself, but
that we must look to the end, and to what God the Father has brought him
— namely, that a Name has been given to him sovereign above all, so that
every knee must bow before him, as St. Paul speaks in the second chapter
of Philippians. For when he exhorted us to modesty, and showed that we
ought not to esteem ourselves highly, he sets before us the mirror and
pattern of our Lord Jesus Christ. He, says St. Paul, who is true God, and to
whom it would not have been robbery had he appeared in his heavenly
glory, emptied himself, and took the estate and condition of a servant; and
even he willed to be crucified, and did not refuse that death, so ignominious
and accursed, both before God and before men — and all this in order to
bear upon himself all that was owed by us. Now for this cause, says he, the
Father has exalted him and given him such a Name that all creatures must
do him homage, both high and low, and all confess that truly he is in the
glory of God his Father — and that if we wish to contemplate the majesty
of God, so as to glorify him according as he is worthy, we must come to our
Lord Jesus Christ.
Behold, in sum, what the Prophet meant to say: that we should not let the
fact that he was abased for a time close the door to our believing in Jesus
Christ and setting our whole heart on him — but that we must consider
what the end of it was, and when we speak of his death, that we should
come immediately to his resurrection and join the two together, as being
two things inseparable — that Jesus Christ willed to suffer in the infirmity
he had taken from us, and that he is risen in the power of his Holy Spirit —
and that in this he declared himself the true Son of God, as St. Paul speaks
of it both in the first Epistle to Timothy and in the second to the
Corinthians, and again in the first chapter of Romans. And this is also what
the Prophet intended in this passage. Now we have said that this is seen not
only in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ but also in his Gospel. For how
was Jesus Christ known, and what obedience did the world render him,
when the Gospel was preached? We see that those to whom he had given all
authority were not only mocked and condemned by men, but beaten and
scourged, and finally put to a shameful death. Since this is so, let us
surmount such scandals, and, being armed with what is said here by the
Prophet, let us look to the end to which our Lord Jesus has come, so as to
close the mouth — that is, so that men may be astonished and have no reply
— even as we see unbelievers still chattering on. Yet this is so, and they can
never come to our Lord Jesus Christ to do him homage, because in their
own eyes they have some reason, as it seems to them, to argue against it.
But we are told here that when we look well at what our Lord Jesus has
attained, and what has been the end and the fruit of his death and passion,
which he endured for our salvation, then our mouth shall be closed. For
when Scripture speaks thus, it signifies a wholly settled and composed
consideration of the works of God. For while men keep their mouths open
(as has already been touched on) they wish to enter into dispute; they wish
to argue back and forth, so that God is set aside there, and all that he has
done is as it were rejected. But when it is said that every mouth is silenced
to keep silence before God, it is to show that we must have all our senses
subdued and captive, indeed our tongues bridled, so as peaceably to confess
that God deserves to be glorified in the person of his only Son. And if this is
said of kings, what shall it be of the common people? We must, then, well
retain the order that the Prophet sets forth here; for he warns us that our
Lord Jesus needed to be as it were disfigured, and that the world would
reject him. Since, then, we are forewarned of this by the Holy Spirit, let us
not find it strange, and let us not fail to embrace him with true faith; and
although at first sight his cross (which is a detestable gibbet in the eyes of
men) might turn us away and estrange us wholly from him, let us
nevertheless not fail to seek there all our glory — that is, in Jesus Christ
crucified. And for the rest, let us not stop at what he suffered, so as to
conceive in him only this ignominy to which he voluntarily submitted for us
— but let us join his resurrection with his death, and know that, being
crucified, he nonetheless sits as Lieutenant of God his Father, to exercise
sovereign Empire and to have all power both in heaven and on earth. And
this is why it is said that he shall be exalted. It is true that his being lifted up
on the gibbet was, in the eyes of men, a reproach; but nevertheless he
mocks the devil and defies the whole world, saying that he shall indeed be
exalted, and that when he has been exposed to such ignominy, when
everyone has stuck out their tongue at him and vomited forth their
blasphemies and vile insults against him, nonetheless he is seated on his
throne, as we have already cited from the passage of St. Paul. And in
another place he says notably that the cross, though beforehand it was a
gibbet full of shame, has become like a triumphal chariot, and that Jesus
Christ not only conquered the devil there, but showed that we may now
glory, in that we are now absolved from all condemnation — that sin has no
more power over us, and that all the devils of hell are cast out of all they
might claim against us.
Behold, then, in sum, how by faith we must rise up to the glory of our
Lord Jesus Christ, so that we are not ashamed to seek our salvation in his
cross, our blessing in his curse, our life in his death, and then our glory in
his having been exposed to such ignominy, and our joy in his having had
such anguish that he sweat blood and water because of it. Behold in sum
what we must retain from this passage. Now the Prophet notably says that
he shall sprinkle. It is true that by way of similitude this word can also
mean "to cause to speak"; but on close examination one finds that the
natural sense intended by the Prophet is that Jesus Christ shall sprinkle all
nations — that is, although he be a dry and sterile stump of wood,
nevertheless the whole world shall be watered by his power. In short, he
shows that God will work in an incomprehensible way, and that the Jews
should not expect any human means, but should hope that God would
surmount all that men can think. For when we are told of miracles, our
senses must fail us; and when we are told of mysteries — that is, of secrets
— we must recognise that we are not competent judges or arbiters, to say,
"It must be so," but that we have to adore what cannot enter into our heads,
and whose reason is unknown to us. This, then, is what we must further
retain. Now this admonition belongs to us today, that (as I have already
said) we should suffer ourselves to be watered by our Lord Jesus Christ;
and although he appeared as it were sterile, and nothing worthy of esteem
was found in him, yet when he presents himself to us, and wishes to draw
near, let us not repel him by our unbelief, but rather give him access by
faith. Behold in sum what we must retain of this teaching of the Prophet.
And furthermore, he adds how the whole world shall be sprinkled by our
Lord Jesus Christ — namely, by the preaching of the Gospel. For those (he
says) to whom it had not been told shall see it, and those who had not heard
shall understand. Here the Prophet amplifies his discourse, showing that our
Lord Jesus would be sent by God his Father not only for the Jews (although
he had expressly been promised to them) but that he would be the Saviour
of the whole world. That this is indeed the Prophet's meaning, St. Paul
declares in the fifteenth chapter of Romans, applying these words to the fact
that he was sent among foreign nations and had run to and fro, filling every
region with the Gospel, where God had never before been spoken of — and
that he preached not only among the Jews but also among the Gentiles. We
see, then, what the Prophet intended, and this passage ought to be for us like
a key giving us entry into the Kingdom of God.
For if Jesus Christ had been promised only to the line of Abraham, of
what profit would he be to us? Even were he Saviour and Redeemer, that
would be useless to us; we would have no share or part in it. But since it
was foretold so long before he was sent that he would sprinkle all peoples
— indeed, that those who beforehand had not understood should
understand, and that those to whom it had not been told should hear it — let
us recognise that our Lord has adopted us, in that Jesus Christ has come into
the world and accomplished what was required and necessary for our
salvation; so that the doctrine of the Gospel is now to us like rain to give us
heavenly vigour, where we were altogether sterile, and because we are
starved and empty of the race of God, we must receive substance from the
doctrine of the Gospel, and feel what the death our Redeemer suffered is
worth to us, and how we profit by it, and that his life is the perfection of our
righteousness.
Now it is certain that the Prophet did not mean here to speak of the Jews,
who from their infancy had been nourished and trained in the Law, but
included the foreign nations, who beforehand had nothing but superstitions
and idolatries. For the God of Israel was rejected by the whole world; he
was despised, and the Gentiles held the true religion in mockery. Now it is
said that these shall hear, and having heard, that they shall understand. By
these words the Prophet shows whence faith comes, namely from hearing
the word of God; but at the same time he signifies also that it is not enough
for our ears to be struck by the preaching of the Gospel, unless
understanding be joined to it. Now this is not given to all; we must, then,
restrict this statement to the elect of God, and to those who are renewed by
the Holy Spirit — as he also declares more expressly in what he adds:
"Who shall believe our doctrine? And on whom shall the arm of the Lord be
revealed, or displayed?" Here the Prophet stops in the midst of his
discourse, and, as one astonished and marvelling, cries out. And this is a
passage well worthy to be noted. We have seen that he was exhorting the
faithful to magnanimity and constancy, as if to say: My friends, do not be
dismayed if there is no dignity in your Redeemer, and if he is not prized by
the world, but rather everyone spits in his face and despises him, and holds
him even in execration — do not for all that be turned away from him. For
God had so ordained it; and yet you see the outcome: that, having been
drawn up from the abysses of death, he was exalted on high, indeed given
authority over all creatures. So then, do not fail to adore this Redeemer who
has thus humbled himself for your good. And indeed he compares him to
the rain, and says that God will water those who had never understood
anything of the truth, who had been like poor brute beasts. These, he says,
shall be taught, and shall be made partakers of the salvation that has been
acquired, and the Church of God shall be spread throughout the whole
world, so that those who have blasphemed against the pure doctrine shall
have their mouths closed, except to confess with all reverence and sobriety
that there is none but the God of Israel who ought to be honoured, and that
his only Son, in whom is the express Image of his glory and majesty, ought
to be received so as to do him homage. Even kings, although blinded by
their pride, shall be constrained to humble themselves, and shall be forced
to submit in all obedience. Behold the magnificent words the Prophet has
spoken.
Now he foresees that when the Gospel shall be preached throughout the
world, some will mock it, others will oppose it, others will take no pleasure
in it, others will remain stupid, others will hypocritically lie to God and put
on some show of obedience to the doctrine, but it will be nothing but false
pretence. The Prophet, then, seeing the world so malicious, and foreseeing
that God will not be listened to, that his Word will not be received with the
reverence it deserves, is filled with wonder, and cries out: Who is it that
shall believe our doctrine? As if he said: Alas, I preach here the salvation of
the world, and all is desperate and lost unless this remedy be given —
namely, that God send his only Son, who, doing battle against the devil and
death, thereby acquires for us righteousness and life; for this doctrine must
water the whole world, otherwise we are sterile. There is nothing in us but
utter dryness and poverty; yet God does not wait for us to ask him to water
us, but comes forward, and offers himself freely, and presents to us there his
only Son with his doctrine; and in this he shows himself so gracious that he
ought indeed to be received without any contradiction — indeed, ought not
everyone to be so inflamed with zeal that he would despise everything else
in order to embrace this Redeemer who has appeared?
Yet far from this happening, scarcely a tenth part of those who hear are
genuinely touched. And indeed, experience shows that some mock — such
as are despisers of God, who have neither faith nor religion any more than
dogs, and hold as a fable all that is preached to them of eternal life. Others
are not content merely to hold the Word of God in such contempt; they must
go further, for they are inflamed with rage and fury against it. On the other
hand, there are some who blaspheme with open mouth, others who ask only
to hold to what they have conceived in their own brain. Then one will find
many stupid folk, who are moved by nothing, and cannot be touched any
more than stones; others again, though they have some fine covering of
piety, are liars and perjurers, in whom there is nothing but deceit and
hypocrisy. We see this; and even if the Prophet had not said it, let us open
our eyes, and we will find it fulfilled. And is this not a dreadful thing, a
monstrosity against nature? It is certainly so. Now here we might be greatly
scandalised, and this might even be like a barrier to hinder us from coming
to the Gospel, when we consider what the world does, and say: How can
this be? The word of God ought to be the sovereign good and the happiness
of men — how is it thus rejected? And how does God suffer men thus to
mock him and resist him, and not make himself heard, not gain the credit
due to him? Behold how we are tempted not to believe the Gospel — as if
the unbelief of men detracted from the truth of God, and diminished the
honour that belongs to him.
Thus, not without cause the Prophet Isaiah has inserted this statement. For
if he had simply said what we have seen before — that the whole world was
to be watered by our Lord Jesus Christ, and that the doctrine of the Gospel
was to have its extension everywhere, and that kings would submit
themselves to him — now we would say: Oh, it is not for our time that the
Prophet Isaiah spoke, for we see quite the opposite; instead of the earth
being watered to obtain salvation, we see a flood of all iniquity; we see men
as brutalized, with an infernal rebellion, rejecting all that is of God. One
sees, in short, that the Gospel is so poorly received that it is a horror. Since
this is so, what the Prophet said must not yet be fulfilled. Now this (as I
have said) would serve to overturn our faith; but when he joins this
statement with what we have seen above — that while God sends the rain to
give life to men, he does not grant this special grace of his Holy Spirit to all
to receive what he says — but that most will be unbelievers, who will have
stopped ears, or will harden themselves and become all the more
envenomed toward evil, while others will take no account of the
inestimable good that is communicated to them. When, then, the Prophet
has declared all these things, and we see them, we ought no longer to be
astonished by them, but rather our faith should be confirmed by them.
Behold then, in sum, what we must retain. Let us thus reckon that the
world will never be so converted to God that there will not be the greater
part possessed by Satan, who will remain stupid there, and who will prefer
to perish rather than receive the good that is offered them. And there are
various kinds, as we have said: some will be stupid, others will have a
haughtiness to mock God, and a foolish presumption to condemn all that is
contained in the Gospel; others will be wrapped up in the cares of this
world; they will be preoccupied with their own cunning and deceits, so that
they taste nothing of what is of heaven; others will be so brutish that one
cannot even enter into their spirit to show them any doctrine. When, then,
we see all this, let us reckon that although the Gospel is preached, and the
voice of God resounds and echoes everywhere, nevertheless many people
will remain as they were, and will not change, and all doctrine will be to
them as dead. So much for one point. And thus, we see the number of
believers to be small. It remains that for this we should not be discouraged,
but rather recognise that God accomplishes what he has pronounced with
his mouth. And meanwhile we ought to be all the more careful to gather
ourselves as it were under the wings of God, when today the whole world is
full of malice and rebellion.
It is true that we ought to be afraid, and must walk in greater
watchfulness. For if all were well disposed to serve God, we would have
examples on every side sufficient to spur us to apply ourselves valiantly to
it on our part; but when it is said that most of those to whom the Gospel is
preached will be as devils, and that nowhere will one find anything but
debauchery, so that it will seem the world has conspired to alienate us
entirely from God — then we have good reason to walk in fear. For if we
were not miraculously preserved by God, what would become of us? Thus,
whoever wishes to hold fast to the Gospel must be prepared to resist all
scandals, and when he does not see others doing their duty, must not for that
be turned aside — but when we see the whole world trample the Word of
God underfoot, let us be all the more devoted to it, and not only that, but let
us take all the more pains to set ourselves in order toward our God when we
see that scandals and bad examples might turn us away from him — and let
us remain in the integrity to which God calls us.
Behold, then, what we must retain concerning the Prophet's cry here,
"Who is it that shall believe our report?" For he presupposes that the
number will be sparsely scattered, and that when the Gospel is published
everywhere, if one considers how much it has profited, one will find very
few who have a living root, who have been reformed and changed, who
alter their lives, who renounce themselves to dedicate themselves wholly to
God — one will find, I say, that the number of such will be small. But at the
same time he adds the cause, which we cannot fully expound now —
namely, that we must also note here that faith is a special gift of God, and
that it is not enough to have the doctrine, and to have our ears struck by it,
but that God must touch us, and work in us by a secret power, so that we are
drawn to him, and are edified by the preaching we have heard. But this
could not be fully dealt with now, so we will reserve it for another day.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
SECOND SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
1. Who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord
revealed? 2. For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a
root out of dry ground; he hath no form nor comeliness, and we have seen
that there was nothing to be desired in him. 3. He is despised and rejected
among men, a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief, so that men hid their
faces from him with contempt, and we esteemed him not. 4. Surely he hath
borne our griefs, etc.
***
We began to treat how, although the Gospel was to be published throughout
the whole world, it would nonetheless be very poorly received by the
greater part; and how the Prophet declared this so that the children of God
should not be dismayed at seeing the unbelief of those whose ears had been
struck by the doctrine of salvation, and who nevertheless refused entirely to
accept it. For it is a strange thing that God should call men to himself, and
strive to win them in so gentle and gracious a manner as anything could be,
and that nevertheless men should turn away from him, and knowingly
refuse to come to the salvation thus offered them. It seems this should be
impossible; yet we see it nonetheless by experience. This is why the
Prophet Isaiah cries out that when God, as it were by trumpet-blast, wishes
to publish his Gospel, there will nevertheless be but a small number of
believers. He adds the reason: that God must indeed reveal his power, in
order to give faith to those who by their natural sense would always be
unbelieving. This is the cause why we see so many people reject the
Gospel, why there are so many who are disgusted by it and conceive such a
scandal at it that they would rather resemble those who thus defy God than
approach him peaceably. What is the cause of this, I ask, except that we
imagine faith to be within the power of every man? But the Prophet shows
us that although God commands his Word to be published to all — that is,
to the good and to the bad — nevertheless he works in a secret manner in
his elect, as if making them feel his arm and his power. Let us note well,
then, that when the Gospel is preached, it will be like a useless sound until
our Lord shows that it is he who is speaking; for he does not do this good to
all. Behold, then, the power of God which is hidden from the reprobate; and
thus, it is a privilege God grants to few — to those whom he has elected and
adopted to attain eternal life — when he declares to them that the Gospel is
the doctrine of salvation, a certain truth to which one must hold fast.
Behold, in sum, what the Prophet Isaiah meant to touch on in this passage.
Now upon this we must be fortified and armed against the objection that the
devil sets before our eyes, when we see so many people resist the Gospel —
indeed the greatest, even those who have some reputation in the world; for
then it seems to us almost that this is not the word of God. And why? We
depend far too much on men — behold how our faith is shaken. Let us
therefore overcome all that is of the world, and recognise that when God
speaks, we must submit ourselves to him — and even if no one keeps us
company, but all were our enemies, let us not for that fail to accept in purity
of faith what God pronounces. And moreover, so as not to be too astonished
that men are so perverse as to war against their God, against him who
created them, against him who has even declared himself their Redeemer —
let us know that this is not given to all, and that faith is a singular gift that
God reserves as a treasure for those he has elected, and let us recognise that
our duty is to hold fast to him — knowing, nevertheless, that none of us has
given himself faith by his own motion, but that God has enlightened us and
given us eyes by his Holy Spirit, and in so doing has declared to us his
power — that is, he has given us a living sense of it in our hearts, so that we
know it is not from men that the Gospel proceeds, but from him. Behold, in
sum, what we must retain from this passage. In short, let us boldly defy the
unbelief and obstinacy of all those who are rebellious against God, and
walk where he calls us, and accept the good he offers us, so that we are not
guilty of that ingratitude which the Prophet here accuses and condemns in
all those who will not obey the doctrine of the Gospel. Now hereupon he
shows that men do not deign to believe in Jesus Christ, because they see
him as disfigured. We know that our Lord Jesus is called a stone of
stumbling and offense, because men come to strike themselves against him.
Yet he was given by God his Father for another use — namely, that we
should be founded on his grace, and that he should be as a stone to support
us all, for there is no other support and firmness but him. We are, then, all
wavering, and even hell is open to swallow us up. Thus behold our
salvation, which has no foundation in this world, but we must be supported
in our Lord Jesus Christ. And this is why, in the eighth chapter, when it is
said he would be set as a precious stone, and the Temple of God would be
built upon it, a foundation stone to support the whole edifice, the Prophet
also added that to the kingdom of Judah and to the house of Israel he would
be a stone of stumbling.
Following on this, it is now said that our Lord Jesus shall be as a small
shoot, as a root growing in a dry and sterile ground, that he shall be
despised — men will see him and not deign to look at him; each shall turn
away his face, and shall hold him in detestation. This shows how few
people will believe the Gospel, for we always seek to have some fine
appearance before our eyes; we want everything to shine. Now God has
proceeded in another way in willing to redeem us: for (as St. Paul says)
since the world could not profit from the wisdom of God when he declared
himself Creator — so that by looking at heaven and earth one could come
to him — he changed his method, and used as it were a kind of foolishness
to teach us. For (as I have said) we ought indeed to have been taught by that
admirable wisdom of God which appears both high and low to the whole
world, but we were made dull to it. God, then, used as it were a folly, when
he sent his only Son, subjected him to all our infirmities, had him rejected
by the world, born in a stable, and all his life he was like a poor labourer;
and in the end we see all rise up against him, and there was such a rage that
he was held in detestation, and was made everyone's enemy, and in the end
they crucified him. Now that death was accursed of God, and he was not
only disfigured by the blows, the spittings, and the crown of thorns, but he
was made a curse when he was hanged between two thieves, as if he were
the most detestable creature that had ever existed or been known. Now this
kind of death was terrifying, because it was accursed in the Law. Behold
how he was disfigured; for this means became a scandal to men. And this is
why the Prophet notably says that men will not believe the Gospel, because
men cannot conceive that this is reasonable, and cannot in any way approve
that the only Son of God, who is the Lord of glory, should be exposed to
such reproach and ignominy; they cannot come to terms with this eternal
counsel of God, which was from all eternity. We now see the Prophet's
intent.
Now upon this he says that nevertheless he shall be exalted: even if from
the beginning there is no appearance of it, God will make him grow, and
one shall see with the eye, he says, that although he is in a desert land,
although he is a small shoot, he shall nonetheless not fail to grow, and to
flourish in all glory, for God will put his hand to it. And then he brings us
back to our sins, to remove the scandal we conceive through the perversity
of our own spirit. So that we may not refuse to come to our Lord Jesus
Christ, seeing him thus disfigured, the Prophet shows us the reason why.
For truly, if we have once recognised our sins, and have apprehended the
wrath of God along with them, then we shall come to our Lord Jesus Christ,
and the desire we shall have to be rescued by him will make us all the more
inflamed to receive his death and passion; for we shall know that it is a
necessary remedy for the evil that is in us. Behold, then, in sum, the
procedure the Prophet follows here. Now when he compares our Lord Jesus
Christ to a shoot, and to a root that is in a desert and sterile land, it is to
show that the beginnings would be small, and that no account would be
taken of it — indeed that the whole world would hold it in mockery and
laughter. Already in the eleventh chapter he had compared our Lord Jesus
Christ to a shoot, saying that he would come forth from the stock of Jesse,
who is the father of David. Because then the royal house was cast down,
and had no more dignity, he said it would be as in olden times, when Jesse
was a rustic man, having his sons as herdsmen and shepherds of the fields.
That house was then obscure, without any reputation; and moreover it was
like the trunk of a tree that had been cut down, on which one would tread,
with no appearance of anything. Jesus Christ, then, was like a small shoot;
but it is said afterwards that he would grow in such a way that he would
give shade to the whole world.
Here too the Prophet shows that it was necessary that our Lord Jesus be
thus despised from the beginning. For if this had not been notably declared,
one might rightly have been scandalised at seeing the coming of our Lord
Jesus Christ so contemptible in the world's eyes. For it had been said that
there would always be someone seated on the throne of David, and that this
Empire would flourish as long as there was sun and moon. Now behold that
royal house as it were razed and annihilated; and who would think the
promise fulfilled in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, for there was no
longer any appearance that it should be restored to its estate? But when it is
said that this house shall be as it were altogether ruined, and that there shall
be no more pre-eminence, nor sceptre, nor crown, and that men would
almost be ashamed to see such ruin and confusion — when all this is
declared by the Prophets, then we have good entry, namely, Jesus Christ.
And we must not be astonished, as at some new and unknown thing, if
Jesus Christ appears in so lowly a manner. And indeed, it is not in this place
alone that the Holy Spirit has spoken thus. We see what is said by Amos,
that God will raise up again that throne which had before been ruined, as
this passage is also cited in the fifteenth chapter of Acts, to show that our
Lord Jesus would begin to reign when it pleased God to repair what had
been confused. And it had been notably said that this Kingdom would be as
trodden underfoot along with the royal crown, and that there would be no
head to bear it, until the Redeemer should come into the world. All these
things, then, ought to confirm us, so that we do not find it strange that the
beginnings of our Lord Jesus Christ were so small.
Furthermore, by this word "dry ground" the Prophet means that our Lord
Jesus will not seem to grow any more than a tree in a desert, where there is
neither moisture nor anything else. Behold him, then, as a disfigured tree,
for lack of being nourished and drawing substance and moisture from the
earth. Now it is said that Jesus Christ will be thus from the beginning, to
express that there will be no means here below to increase him, but that he
will take his growth from on high, from the secret power of God his Father,
and that he will not be aided by the world's side, for there is nothing but
sterility there — and this was not only so at his birth, but must be applied to
the whole course of the Gospel. It is true that already it was a sign that Jesus
Christ was a small shoot, when he found no place to lodge among men, but
was as it were shut out and banished from all company, and was raised in
such poverty that one could not tell if he was a man. This already served to
prepare the faithful to recognise that Jesus Christ would be rejected and
contemptible in the world's eyes; but the chief instance was when he
appeared to preach the Gospel and to execute the charge committed to him
by God his Father. Then they began to say: Is this not the son of a
carpenter? And do we not know how he was brought up? And in what
school did he learn to be so great a doctor? And even his own relatives,
seeing him so hated, wanted to make people believe he was out of his mind,
and that he must be bound and shut away, so that they themselves would not
all be stoned; for they saw well that this hatred would fall on the whole
house. Finally, behold Jesus Christ crucified. It seemed the Gospel was
buried with him, and that its memory must be utterly extinguished. Who
would have said that the Apostles could thus advance the doctrine of
salvation? Behold poor idiots, who never knew what letters were, who had
not been trained in the holy Scripture, who had no eloquence nor skill
whatever; and moreover they were lowly men, to whom no one would
deign to lend an ear, even had they spoken like Angels. In this, what does
one see but a desert? Where are the great pomps and preparations to make
kings and princes submit to the Gospel? But on the contrary, behold drawn
swords, fires lit to prevent this doctrine from having its course.
Thus, one sees clearly that it is as if, in a desert land, a small stick had
been planted. And who would say that there ought to grow from it a tree to
cover the whole world, so that everyone might find refuge there? Who
could imagine this, seeing such beginnings? Thus, not without cause, the
Prophet Isaiah declares that the world, which is too much given over to
pomp and grandeur, will not deign to look upon Jesus Christ, but will hold
him as despised, since he is a shoot, a small twig, having come forth from a
sterile land, where there is neither water nor moisture nor any vigorous
substance. Now this is notably shown to us so that we should not be turned
away or discouraged by such a scandal, but that we should promptly come
to our Lord Jesus Christ. When, then, it has been declared to us how the
Gospel was to be preached in the world, and we still see the like today —
namely, that the Church will be only like a small handful of people whom
men will esteem as rabble, and that we ourselves shall be an abomination to
those who today have all the vogue in the world — let us not for that lose
courage. For we see how our Lord Jesus Christ appeared from the
beginning; and if he still wishes his Kingdom to be preserved today in the
same manner, this ought not to prevent us from ranging ourselves alongside
him. And recognizing that the foolishness of God (as St. Paul speaks of it)
has surpassed all the wisdom of men, let us not be so presumptuous as to
oppose this, but let us recognise that as God willed to annihilate his Son, so
also he willed to exalt him above the heavens; and let us find good what he
has ordained in his counsel, and acquiesce in it.
Furthermore, let us note well this phrase, that he shall grow up before
him, whatever may be. If through our pride and our contempt we imagine
we can trample Jesus Christ underfoot and hold him under the earth, this is
an abuse; he will grow in spite of all the unbelief, malice, ingratitude, and
rebellion of men — yes, but this shall be before God. Now it is true that he
grows also before the faithful, for they adore him in all obedience and
recognise that the sovereign name God has given him well deserves that all
should bend the knee before him. But the Prophet has notably said that he
shall grow before God, as if making a balance between men, who strive to
overturn the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ and to keep it as it were
suppressed, and God his Father, who will lend him his hand, and will bring
it about that nothing shall hinder him from attaining the fruit of his glory
and majesty, to which he has been called. Here, then, is the natural sense of
these words: that our Lord Jesus is like a shoot — indeed, if one looks to
outward appearance — and is in a desert, because there are no worldly
means to make him grow; but whatever the case, he shall grow. And how?
Before God. Let us, then, no longer be astonished when men mock the
doctrine of the Gospel, and it is held in reproach because of the pride that is
in all unbelievers; but when we see the enemies of the truth so arrogant,
lifting their horns against our Lord Jesus Christ, and even battling against
him with all fury, let us turn our gaze away from that; let us not be so
foolish as to despise the Son of God because the praise he deserves is not
rendered to him by the blind, and those who are wholly possessed and
bewitched by Satan — let us rather look to God, and then we shall be well
edified in our faith.
For since Jesus Christ thus increases in the presence of God his Father, it
is right that on our part we should magnify him, and render to him what
belongs to him — in short, that we should learn to rest wholly upon God,
and then we shall be able freely to defy the world. And although the world
takes no account of the Word of God, we shall not fail to render full
obedience to it, as we owe it to him. And why? Because God will be more
to us than an infinite multitude of gainsayers, who might turn us away from
coming to our Lord Jesus Christ. And this is very necessary for us today, for
(as we have touched on) we see the greatest of this world, and those reputed
the wisest, nonetheless waging war against the Gospel; and those who boast
of being the greatest supporters of the Gospel, those who are not content
merely to be called Christians but wish to surpass all others, as it were, in
superlative degree — such people, I say, are nonetheless as instruments of
Satan to abolish the truth of God and to set themselves against our Lord
Jesus Christ and his Word. If this astonishes us, let us note well what is said
here — that if we see men so obstinate and hardened in not receiving the
Son of God when he presents himself to them, we must defy them, even the
greatest of this world; for they are but filth compared to God. It is true that,
according to their present estate, they will have such majesty that it will
seem everything must tremble beneath them; but if we can lift our thoughts
to God, and cast our gaze there, it is certain that all these worldly fanfares
will be nothing to us, no more than a straw. Behold, then, how our faith
must rise, so that nothing we see here below may prevent Jesus Christ from
having his authority over us.
Behold, then, what we must retain from this passage. And indeed, since
God works in strange and incomprehensible ways, this ought to confirm us
all the more. If the Gospel were preached by people of great renown, so that
kings and princes submitted to it, so that estates everywhere held to it, and
it were concluded, "Behold, this is where we must stand, here is a heavenly
truth, and we must conform to it," and each on his own side favoured it and
applied to it all his strength and abilities — this would be like a rich soil
well cultivated, where trees and vines were planted, wheat sown, everyone
helping, sparing nothing. When, then, a land were thus cultivated, had rain
in season, and were constantly tended, in short, where no pains were spared
— well, this would be natural; one would not perceive that God had put his
hand to it. But when today we see the contradictions and resistances raised
to suppress the Gospel; when we see how many tongues are set against it
(for today not only these hypocrites throughout the Papacy praise
themselves like whores to blaspheme against God and his Word, but we
shall even see such rabble among ourselves); and then again we see how
cruelty is exercised against the poor children of God, and new plots are
hatched daily to forge one edict upon another, in order to annihilate this
doctrine altogether; we see the mockeries of all the profane, who today stick
out their tongues and would abolish all religion — when, then, we see all
these things, we must indeed conclude that God is triumphing, and that the
doctrine is victorious and proceeds from him. This, then, ought to serve as
our confirmation, when we see that there is nothing in this world to advance
the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ and the doctrine of his Gospel, but rather
everyone retards it; and yet it does not fail to find entry and to have its
course. Meanwhile, we are convicted of ingratitude if we turn this into a
scandal, seeing that God calls us to himself, and shows us that it is he who
is at work; whereby we must conclude that it is a miracle when the Gospel
thus prospers. This, in sum, is how we ought today to practice this doctrine.
Now there is more still: that Jesus Christ was to be disfigured. The
Prophet has already said he would be like a small shoot; but this is more —
that he would be despised, rejected, that no one would deign to look at him,
that there would be nothing in him to be desired. This is to show that our
Lord Jesus in his person, as we have already shown, was to be vilified by
the world and to suffer all ignominy, as if he had been rejected not only by
men but by God as well. Now to seek our salvation — so desirable a thing
— in one who has no attraction in himself, seems to be an absurdity. Yet we
must overcome this temptation in order to come to Jesus Christ. And this
was very necessary, first because of the Jews, who had always awaited an
earthly Kingdom, for this was a nation full of avarice and pride, so that they
thought God could not show himself merciful toward them except by
heaping up all the riches of the world for them, and making them live in
delights and pomps. Behold what sort of redeemer they hoped for. Yet God
had well warned them that the Redeemer would be like a small shoot, that
he would be rejected by the world. And this warning was necessary not only
to them, but today to us as well; for this scandal remained even after the
resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, as St. Luke speaks of it, that the
Gentiles held Jesus Christ in mockery, and the Jews armed themselves with
venom and malice against him, and dashed themselves as against a stone of
stumbling. And still today we see such examples in our own time. All the
more must we retain this doctrine — that it was necessary for the Son of
God to be thus without form or beauty, that there should be nothing in him
for which he should be prized — I mean in men's opinion — for we must
always note what is said in the first chapter of St. John, that the glory of the
only Son of God appeared in him, but there were many blind who did not
recognise it. Thus, when the Prophet Isaiah declares that Jesus Christ will
be as it were altogether disfigured, that there will be nothing but deformity
in him, he thereby signifies that men will not be able, by their natural sense,
to know that he has been sent for their salvation, and that he has all power
both of life and death, and that all fullness of righteousness, wisdom, and
holiness are in him. Men, I say, will not be able to conceive this in their
minds. Thus, we must take this passage: for although our Lord Jesus
performed miracles that testified to his divine power, nevertheless he did
not cease to be disfigured, and the unbelievers saw nothing of it. Thus, this
passage of the Prophet has always been fulfilled — that Jesus Christ had no
beauty to attract men, for it is not spoken here only of his face, but the
Prophet, in his name, speaks of the whole condition of our Lord Jesus
Christ.
It is indeed said in Psalm 45 that he was to be exalted in beauty, above the
whole human race; but that beauty is spiritual, according to what we have
already said, that the glory of the Son of God appeared in him — indeed, to
those who had eyes and could contemplate it. Behold, then, our Lord Jesus
Christ who has surpassed all men in beauty, for God gave him infallible
marks by which it was known that he was truly the living image of God his
Father. There is, then, ample reason to magnify our Lord Jesus Christ, but
this was hidden from the world. Thus, we must always come back to what
the Prophet says, that everyone turned his back on him, that everyone shut
his eyes to him, as to a detestable thing. What? To seek my life in death, to
seek my hope in one who could not save himself, to seek my strength in one
who was so weak — who could do this? In short, we know, and each of us
experiences it too much, that as our Lord Jesus Christ was abased in his
death, so also our faith will stumble unless it is sustained from elsewhere.
When, then, it is a matter of resting upon our Lord Jesus Christ, of having
all our refuge in him fully, of having our trust as it were fastened there, we
look and say: What? I see him so annihilated in his death that it seems to us
all is over.
Now we must come to what the Prophet sets before us here: that, having
been struck down in death, God has exalted him above all creatures. And
this also ought to lift our faith even to heaven. Whatever the case, let us
learn not to be scandalised, seeing that the Son of God was crucified, and
that in his own person he suffered all reproach, and that still today he is
disdained in his members, all manner of insult heaped on him — let this not
turn us away, but let us always remain firm in the faith of his Gospel. Now
since this combat is difficult, the Prophet brings us back to the reason why
our Lord Jesus suffered, for truly we could never rest on the Son of God
until we have known the fruit that comes to us from his death and passion.
And why? At first sight (as I have said) it will be condemned as folly, that
he who is the author of life should be a mortal man, that he should die —
and not by a simple death, but an ignominious death accursed of God —
that he should be hanged on the gibbet like a brigand. When, then, we see
all this, it is certain we shall be seized with disdain, and shall never be able
to come to Jesus Christ. But here is the true remedy: that we know why he
died, how his death has profited us, and the good we receive from it — then
all scandals will be abolished. For example: if I am troubled with vexation
when I consider that the only Son of God was as it were trampled underfoot
and made detestable before men, I must enter into myself; for if I look only
at Jesus Christ, I shall turn away from him and take no account of him; but
if I look first at myself, and then come afterward to him, then what he
suffered will be of good savour to me. How so? If I consider that I am a
poor sinner, and that I have provoked the wrath of God against me, so that
he must be my adversary and my judge — if, then, I think of my sins, and
thereupon come to conceive how horrible and dreadful a thing is the wrath
of God, and that he should be my Judge to overwhelm me — then I shall
come to say: Now then, what means have you to make peace with God?
Can you bring him anything that could satisfy, even for the least offence
you have committed? Alas, no. Though I circled the whole earth and sea,
would I find any recompense? Could the Angels of paradise help me in
this? It is necessary, then, that Jesus Christ appear in my name, and
constitute himself my surety and my guarantor.
Behold how the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ will no longer
be turned into folly for us, but we shall conceive that since we were thus
accursed, and there was no remedy to find grace before God, since we had
thus provoked him, and he was contrary and hostile to us, it was necessary
that we be subject at the same time to Satan and his tyranny, until Jesus
Christ delivered us from it. Behold, I say, how we shall begin to magnify
the infinite goodness of our God, and to hold our sins in detestation, and to
be as utterly confounded as anything could be. Behold also how the scandal
we imagine, and that each forges for himself concerning the death and
passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, will soon be effaced — namely, when we
enter into ourselves, and make a good examination of our sins, and
recognise that we are so detestable to God that he himself must come, in the
person of his Son, to make satisfaction for it, and to repair our iniquities, so
that by this means we may be reconciled to him.
Behold, then, the order the Prophet follows here. He says on the one hand
that Jesus Christ will have neither form nor figure, and that nothing will be
found in him to be desired — indeed, that looking at him from afar, one will
be astonished at him. But having said all these things, he adds: yet he was
afflicted for our sins — as if he said: Poor blind people, you take no account
of the Son of God, and each by his own ingratitude shuts the door on
himself, so that you cannot approach him to obtain the salvation he brings
you. What is the cause of this? It is that you have not known your sins, so as
to humble yourselves — everyone is asleep, indeed stupid, and nourishes
himself on his vain flatteries. But look at yourselves in your poverty and
filth, and then you will be ashamed of your condition, and will recognise
that there is no other means but for Jesus Christ to mediate there, and to
take upon his own person what made you enemies of God, and to be there
your surety, to constitute himself as it were a poor sinner, to take all your
burdens and carry them himself. When, then, you think on all these things,
you will take a good taste for ranging yourselves with the Son of God, and
you will no longer stop at your vain fancies; you will no longer be
scandalised that Jesus Christ so annihilated himself, when you recognise
what condemnation you had deserved, and what recompense and
satisfaction was required for it.
For the rest, the Prophet notably says, "We have seen him, and we
despised him," to show that our Lord Jesus will be despised and rejected
not only by some number of people, but by the greatest multitude — indeed
by that people who claimed him as their own. For the Prophet, placing
himself among the number of those who rejected our Lord Jesus Christ,
looks to his own people — that is, the Jews from whom he was born — and
beyond that he also wishes to show that this was the common opinion, and
that almost everywhere Jesus Christ was rejected. Thus we are all the more
fortified, so as not to attach ourselves to the fancy of men, when we see not
merely a hundred unbelievers, but that they will come in great crowds and
with great armies, that they will come by the millions, and that among a
hundred one will scarcely find three or four who peaceably range
themselves with our Lord Jesus Christ — when we see this, let us
nonetheless not fail to hold fast to him. Behold, in sum, what we must retain
from this passage. For today we would like to count the votes, and many
weak people look and say: What? There is only a small handful of people
who believe the Gospel; if I outnumbered them, I would still willingly join
— but that I should go and place myself with so small a portion, leaving the
greater multitude, what would that be?
Now to cut off such objections, the Prophet says there will not be merely
four or ten, but that nearly everyone in general will refuse to obey our Lord
Jesus Christ. And indeed, there is no doubt that he means particularly to
indict the Jews here, for we have already cited from the eighth chapter that
he was to be a scandal to both these houses — that is, to the line of
Abraham. Behold, then, the people who were God's above all others, and
who, it would seem, ought to have recognised their Redeemer. For to whom
was Jesus Christ promised? To the Jews, as it is said that he is a minister of
the circumcision, in order to fulfil the promises the fathers had received.
The Jews, then, ought to have been altogether accustomed to Jesus Christ
before he appeared in the world, and to receive him without any difficulty;
yet it is said that they rejected him — even the builders themselves, that is,
the leaders who had charge of the people. And this is found still today, for it
is not only the Turks and the pagans who reject Jesus Christ, but those who
usurp the name of Christianity and falsify it, and even those who make
profession of the Gospel are often profane men, mockers of God, and
villains, who would wish that all doctrine of salvation were abolished, and
if they retain it still, it is only for shame before men. Whatever the case,
Jesus Christ will be despised and rejected; and if this had not been foretold,
we might be shaken in our faith. But this statement of Isaiah ought to be for
us like a staff to support us — indeed like a firm rock — when we see the
whole world dashing itself against our Lord Jesus Christ: some defying him
and rising up in all fury against him and his doctrine, others mocking and
sticking out their tongues to hold all religion in contempt. Let us, then,
persist nonetheless steadfastly in our faith.
It is true that it would be greatly to be desired that Jesus Christ be
contemplated from afar, and that everyone submit themselves to him, as he
is the true mirror and pattern of all holiness; but nevertheless, the more we
see the world reject him, the more our faith ought to be confirmed. For how
can we discern that Jesus Christ is the Redeemer of the world? Let us look
at what is said of him by all the Prophets. And indeed, behold the true
mirror in which we must contemplate the glory of the only Son of God —
behold the true witnesses God has sent from heaven to mark out for us what
our Redeemer was to be, namely, that he would be rejected by the whole
world, and that everyone would rise up against him. Since this is so, let us
accept him on this condition; and let us not doubt that when it seems we
must be altogether overwhelmed, and trampled underfoot by the audacity
and pride of the wicked, God will nevertheless magnify our Lord Jesus
Christ, and will strengthen our faith by his Holy Spirit, so that it shall be
victorious to the end — and that as our Lord Jesus has conquered the devil,
as in the end he and all his followers must be made his footstool, so too he
will make us triumph with him, to trample underfoot all those who
persecute us, and who today rise up in such fury against us, and who even
despise and defy him.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
THIRD SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
4. Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we
did esteem him stricken of God, and afflicted. 5. But he was wounded for
our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of
our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. 6. All we like
sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the
Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
***
When we contemplate the works of God throughout the whole world, we
are told that he must be praised according to his loftiness and greatness; but
when we come to the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, we must learn to
glorify God according to how he has abased himself. Behold, then, a
twofold manner of praising God: the one, that because he shows us his
goodness, justice, and infinite power in all he has created and made, and in
how he orders and disposes all things, he must also be exalted by us — not
that we can give him any greatness, but Scripture speaks thus so that men
may learn to lift their spirits on high, above the whole world, when they
wish to glorify God according to his worth. The second manner is that,
since our Lord Jesus Christ, in whom dwells all the fullness of the Godhead,
not only made himself small for our salvation but was willing to be utterly
annihilated, and did not even refuse to suffer the anguish of death, as if
entering into hell itself — in this God deserves to be glorified more than in
that greatness which appears throughout the whole world. And this was
already touched on yesterday; but since the Prophet continues his discourse,
we must always keep this end in view: that whereas unbelievers, seeing that
Jesus Christ was thus afflicted by the hand of God his Father, are astonished
and take occasion for scandal to distance themselves from him, we ought all
the more to be moved to seek him, and this ought to ravish us wholly into
his love, since he did not spare himself, but was willing to bear all our
burdens, that we might be relieved of them. When, then, we see that our
Lord Jesus Christ made such an exchange for us, and was willing to make a
full payment of all our debts, so that we might be acquitted of them — that
he was willing to be condemned in our name, and as it were in our person,
so that we might be absolved — this ought to draw us to him, indeed to
inflame us wholly, so that we may have our rest in him.
Now it is notably said that he was afflicted by the hand of God, but that
this was for our iniquities. For if we have no regard to the judgment of God,
the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ will be as it were useless,
and we shall be able to receive no fruit from it. For the chief thing is that we
be made right with our God, who is our enemy until our faults are buried,
since he cannot love iniquity, he who is the fountain of righteousness. Thus
he must be our judge as long as he imputes our sins to us, and looks at what
we are; but when Jesus Christ stands between, and presents himself there in
our name, behold how we become agreeable to God, since the satisfaction
for all our iniquities is accomplished. It is not fitting that the condemnation
our Lord Jesus Christ suffered should be in vain. Now it is so that he had
committed no fault, and was guilty of nothing. Thus, he was condemned for
our absolution, and this is why he is called the Lamb without blemish. He is
called Lamb because he was offered in sacrifice; he was without blemish, to
show that he bore all our burdens. And this is also why it is said that his
blood is our washing, for we are soiled and full of abomination until the
blood of our Lord Jesus Christ cleanses us. It is not, then, without cause that
the Prophet brings us back to the judgment of God, saying that Jesus Christ
was afflicted because it was necessary that he bear our condemnation. In
short, whenever we think of how the death and passion of our Lord Jesus
Christ has profited us, let each of us summon himself before the judgment-
seat of God: there we shall find that we are all criminals. Now what is the
rigour of God's judgment? How terrible is his vengeance? It is to swallow
us up and overwhelm us entirely. But since our Lord Jesus Christ was not
spared, but God exercised the rigour of his judgment upon him, since he
was there in our name as surety for us, we may be assured that God will no
longer pursue us, and will not enter into account with us, and will not
punish us according to our deserts and offences. And why? Because our
Lord Jesus has acquitted us of them. Now it is true that God never had any
other affection toward his only Son than that which he pronounced:
"Behold my beloved Son, in whom I rest, and let him be heard." God, then,
had already declared that Jesus Christ fully satisfied him, and that he took
his good pleasure in him. And indeed (as St. Paul shows in the first chapter
of Ephesians) we could not be agreeable to God in the name of his only
Son, unless in the first place and in sovereign degree he were the beloved
one. Nevertheless, this did not prevent us from being acquitted, inasmuch as
God displayed his rigour upon our Lord Jesus Christ — for he loved him,
and yet was willing to afflict him for our faults. For he did not regard his
righteousness, his integrity, and the perfection that was in him, but rather
Jesus Christ was taken as being there in the person of all sinners. Behold,
then, Jesus Christ who was charged with all our faults and iniquities — not
that he was guilty of them, but he was willing that the whole be imputed to
him, and that he should render account of it and make the payment.
This, then, is how we must take the Prophet's words, when he says that
Jesus Christ was not only crucified by the hand of men, but that he then
appeared before the judgment-seat of God, that there he answered in our
name, that there he submitted to bear the burden we had deserved. And this
is also why he notably adds that he bore our faults and transgressions — as
St. Peter also speaks of it, using this word "cross" or "tree," to show that
this kind of death the Son of God suffered was a visible and manifest
testimony that our iniquities were laid upon him; for it was said in the Law,
"Cursed is he who hangs on a tree." Jesus Christ was hanged there so that
we might know he was as it were accursed in our person, as St. Paul speaks
of it to the Galatians. For he sets before us that we must consider here an
admirable goodness of God and an infinite love of our Lord Jesus Christ,
which he bore us, in that not only was he willing to die for us, but also
suffered an accursed death, so that we might be blessed of God. And
although our iniquities terrify us (as indeed it cannot be otherwise but that
we should be terrified by the judgment of God when we hear the things
contained here — namely, that we are abominable when we thus offend our
God, and that our conscience gnaws at us) — nevertheless let us not fail to
be assured that he will forgive us our sins and accept us as his beloved
children, indeed as just and irreproachable, since our curse has been
abolished on that tree on which our Lord Jesus Christ was hanged. This,
then, is what the Prophet wished further to add for fuller expression.
Now he adds at the same time that he was afflicted, in that the correction,
or chastisement, of our peace was upon him. He adds nothing new, but
declares himself more intimately, to show how this must be understood —
namely, that our Lord Jesus was beaten and struck by the hand of God, so
that we might be discharged. He bore, then, the correction that was due to
us — indeed a correction of peace. It is true that some understand that our
Lord Jesus had to be thus punished in our name because we were stunned,
and that no one thought of humbling himself before God, and that we were
blinded in our faults. But we see that the natural sense of the Prophet is that
in order to have peace with God, we needed to be reconciled by another
means. I have already declared that God, being the Judge of the world,
rightly hates us and holds us all detestable — for (as will yet be declared)
what do we bring from our mother's womb, and what treasure do we amass
throughout our life? We never cease to provoke the wrath of God, as if we
had conspired with Satan always to kindle the fire more and more. Behold,
then, how we deserve to be hated and rejected by God. This is why he is
armed in his wrath against us, for it is impossible that he not be contrary to
us, since we war against him, and thus make war on all good and violate all
justice. It is necessary (I say) that God for this reason rise up against us in
judgment, for we know that it is his own proper office to maintain equity
and righteousness. And since he sees us full of iniquity and corruption, and
altogether rebellious, he must indeed display his arm, and show that since
we are his enemies, he will render us the like. There is, then, no peace, and
our consciences will always accuse us; and although we try to lull ourselves
with our flatteries, God will not fail to give us pricks and goads, so that we
shall feel, in spite of our teeth, that there is nothing but malice and
ingratitude in us.
Thus, it is impossible for God to be merciful to us, and for us to be
assured of finding grace before him, until the correction is made. Not that
God seeks vengeance in the manner and fashion of men — one who is
moved to anger will want the fault repaired, and some amends and
punishment made, so that he is thereby avenged; God has no passions of
that kind. But whatever the case, so that we may have all the more horror of
our sins, and learn to detest them, he wills that his justice be known to us,
and the rigour of his judgment. If God forgave us without Jesus Christ
having interceded for us, and having constituted himself surety in our name,
we would take no account of it; each would wipe his mouth clean, and we
would even take occasion from this to give ourselves all the more license.
But when we see that God did not spare his only Son, and treated him with
such rigour, so extreme, that he suffered in his body all that it was possible
to suffer of sorrows, and that in his very soul he was afflicted to the utmost,
even to crying out, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" —
when we hear all these things, it is impossible (unless we are harder than
stones) that we should not tremble and conceive such fear and astonishment
in ourselves as to be utterly confounded, and that our offenses and iniquities
should not become detestable to us, seeing that they thus provoke the wrath
of God against us.
This, then, is why it was required that the whole correction of our peace
be upon Jesus Christ, which was to make us find grace before God his
Father — that is, to make us find reconciliation before him, in such a way
that today we have boldness and liberty to invoke God as our Father,
although he might rightfully be our enemy and hold us in detestation
according to our nature. We now see, then, what is the Prophet's intent
when he says that our Lord Jesus Christ was afflicted by the hand of God,
that he was disfigured, that everyone turned away from him, that no one
deigned to look at him because he was so deformed. He adds: Yes, but this
is because God is inflamed in his wrath against us, and is armed to
confound and overwhelm us, until the reconciliation is made. And what is
the means of it? God is willing to forgive us our faults out of his free
goodness, but the price of our redemption was in the person of his only Son.
Now here we must note that, since our Lord Jesus suffered condemnation,
we are delivered and absolved, and our faults are buried so as not to come
into account before God. When we speak of the remission of sins, it is not
that God quits us as if he were paid and satisfied by us — rather he uses his
pure liberality. And although we are guilty before him, he forgets all that,
and receives us in mercy, in that he casts our sins as into the depths of the
sea, as the Prophet says. Yet we must also note that this remission was not
free as far as concerns the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, for it cost him
very dearly. If we consider that it came from that death so hard, so cruel,
and so ignominious that he suffered, and then from so many anguishes he
endured in his soul, when he was called before the judgment-seat of God
his Father to bear our condemnation — if we think well on all this, we shall
find that our Lord Jesus Christ made an admirable payment to acquit us of
our faults.
And behold how today we are delivered from them. And this is a thing we
must note well, for the devil has always striven to obscure this doctrine,
since it is the chief article of our salvation. God, from the beginning of the
world, willed that sacrifices be offered to him in asking pardon for sins.
And why so? It is to declare that men could not hope for it from him except
by means of sacrifice and the shedding of blood. All, then, protested in their
sacrifices that they could not approach God except insofar as they were
redeemed, and that the purging of their faults and iniquities was made, or
was to be made, by our Lord Jesus Christ. Yet meanwhile both Jews and
pagans have not failed always to trust in their own merits, and to imagine
they could satisfy before God. Behold how the devil from that time has
turned poor sinners away from our Lord Jesus Christ, and from the payment
he made in his death and passion. And even now, behold where the Papists
stand: for they will confess that we have full remission of our sins by the
death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ — yes, but this is before baptism
only, according to their opinion. Little children (they say) have received this
grace of God, that original sin is forgiven them in baptism, by virtue of the
death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ; but when we are baptized, they
say that if we sin thereafter, Jesus Christ alone is not sufficient to make us
agreeable to God, and to have the memory of our sins effaced — but that
we must also bring our own recompenses. And this is why they have
imagined their works of supererogation, such as going on pilgrimage,
having many masses sung, and other such devilries. And if one asks the
Papists why they go trotting off to see the countenance of some little idol,
why they fast on such a day, why they build a temple, why they have a mass
sung — it is to redeem ourselves before God, they will say. And we must
indeed, having recognised our sins, strive to make satisfaction for them, so
as to be acquitted and absolved before God. Behold, then, how the power of
the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ is abolished. And thus, the
Papists cannot take a single step in their devotions without blaspheming
against God, openly renouncing the death and passion of our Lord Jesus
Christ, and hurling themselves into the pit of hell. Behold where their
devilish devotions (which they call good) lead them. Thus, we must note
well these words of the Prophet, when he says that the correction of our
peace was upon our Lord Jesus Christ — that is, that by his means God is
reconciled and appeased, for he bore upon himself all the vices and all the
iniquities of the world. And thus, let us note that when we consider what we
are, we must always be in dread, since God is our adverse party and our
Judge. And then in the second place we must conclude that there is no
means either in heaven or on earth to reconcile us with God, except by this
price which our Lord Jesus paid, and by which he made satisfaction —
namely, by his death and passion.
Do we have this? Then let us boldly come with head raised before God —
not that we ought not always to humble ourselves, and be ashamed of our
poverty — but this will not prevent us from freely invoking God as our
Father, and being able to glory that we shall be counted righteous by him,
and that payment has been made of all our debts, since we are absolved by
virtue of the condemnation that Jesus Christ suffered.
Behold, then, how we must practice this passage. And this is also why he
adds that by his stripes we are healed. It is true that we do not perceive our
vices with our own eyes, because hypocrisy blinds them, and there is
always also pride which dominates. Men, then, deceive themselves and
make themselves believe that God is still in their debt; or else they are so
stunned that they think they will never come to account. Yet it is so that the
Prophet shows that without the wounds of our Lord Jesus Christ, there is in
us nothing but death, and that we must indeed seek our healing in him.
When, then, we wish truly to feel the fruit that the death and passion of our
Lord Jesus Christ brings us, let us note that as many vices as are rooted in
our nature, so many are wounds and mortal diseases, even though they do
not appear. I ask you, when there is an abscess inside a man's body, near the
stomach, or within the bowels, is it not far worse than if it were seen and
one could apply the lancet to it? If a man imagines himself healthy because
he does not see his illness, he must be out of his senses and reason. Our
diseases must be all the more mortal when they are hidden. And besides the
vices we carry (whose roots are hidden in us), there are the faults we
commit each day, which show well enough that our nature is perverse and
accursed, and that we are all corrupted. Since this is so, that there is in us
nothing but total infection and spiritual leprosy, and that we are rotten in
our iniquities — what shall we do here? What remedy? Shall we go seek the
Angels of Paradise? Alas, they can do nothing for us. But we must come to
our Lord Jesus Christ, since he was willing to be disfigured from the crown
of his head to the sole of his foot, to be covered all over with wounds, to be
scourged blow upon blow, to have the crown of thorns, to be nailed and
fastened to the cross, to have his side pierced. Behold how we are made
whole, behold what our true medicine is, with which we must be content,
and to which also we must apply all our affection, knowing that otherwise
we can never have rest in ourselves, but must be tormented and tortured to
the end, unless Jesus Christ console us and appease the wrath of God
toward us. When we are assured of this, then he gives us occasion to sing
his praise — whereas before we could do nothing but groan and be utterly
confounded. Behold in sum what we must retain of the Prophet's words.
Now St. Matthew, in the eighth chapter, alleges this passage when he
recounts that our Lord Jesus healed every disease, as he gave sight to the
blind, made the lame walk, restored hearing to the deaf, raised up those who
were half-dead and paralysed, and cast devils out of bodies. This (he says)
shows that the Prophet Isaiah not without cause says that he bore our
infirmities and carried our sorrows. It is certain that the Prophet does not
speak here of the diseases of the body. It might seem, then, that the
Evangelist has misapplied this testimony. But it is that he declares that our
Lord Jesus, in healing visible diseases, wished to lead us higher, in that he
wished us to contemplate there, as in a figure, why he had come into the
world. When, then, we hear that our Lord Jesus Christ gave strength to the
paralyzed, that he even raised the dead, that he also gave healing to every
disease, let us know that visibly, according to our dullness and infirmity, he
has declared to us that he is our spiritual Physician; and let us learn (as I
have already said) that all the vices to which we are inclined are so many
corruptions in our souls. And just as in the body there are bad humours and
other such things, there are diseases that are hidden — so likewise with our
souls; and since they are full of vices before God, they too have need of a
physician. And who shall he be? We shall find him neither in heaven nor on
earth, save him who has been given us by the heavenly Father — namely,
our Lord Jesus Christ. Thus, if we do not know how our Lord Jesus has
brought us healing as to our souls, let us come to this figure that is shown
us, when he gave light to the blind, for it is certain that in our souls there is
nothing but blindness and stupidity. Then, Jesus Christ made the mute
speak. Now to what do we apply our tongue, if not to evil, until Jesus Christ
has restored to it its true use? We are more than deaf, since the word of God
has no entry in us; our hearing, then, must also be restored to us by our
Lord Jesus Christ. In short, when we join what is set forth in St. Matthew
with what the Prophet Isaiah wished to declare — namely, that on our part
we are full of corruption, of vileness, and that there is not one drop of health
in us, that our souls are utterly full of mortal vices; but that our Lord Jesus
has delivered us wholly from them, and that when we come to him we shall
find healing — when, I say, we join the one thing to the other, then we shall
know that unless we have our refuge in this Redeemer, we must always
grow in our vices and miseries, and rot entirely in them.
Furthermore, he adds also that we have all gone astray, and that each has
strayed in his own way. Here the Prophet has wished to touch us more
closely and more to the quick (as was treated yesterday), for we cannot
truly feel the necessity we have of being healed by our Lord Jesus Christ,
until each has well examined his own state and known what he is in
himself. What is the cause, then, that we are so cold and so lax when we are
told to come to our Lord Jesus Christ? Because we have no apprehension of
it, but are as it were stupid. We shall see drunkards, so steeped in their
intemperance, who make no end of it until they gnash their teeth and can
bear no more. If one speaks to them of physicians, there will be nothing but
mockery; they will shake their heads, and even scorn all remedies. Now
there is no drunkenness worse than this stupidity in which all poor sinners
are, until they have felt what it is to have God against them. Thus, each
gives himself entire license to evil, and meanwhile the death and passion of
our Lord Jesus Christ is held in contempt, and no account is taken of it.
Thus, not without cause, the Prophet, to awaken us and to make the good
brought to us by Jesus Christ more desirable, shows that we have all gone
astray. Now besides what I have said, that profane men despise the
judgment of God, there are also those who are puffed up with a foolish
presumption. There are, then, two kinds of people who cannot make their
profit of this infinite grace acquired for us by the Son of God: for some
think themselves righteous, and to have works and merits with which to
answer before God. As we see even in the Papacy, these hypocrites not only
think they acquit themselves well before God, but also sell a portion of their
merits, as if they had a surplus of them; and one is thought fortunate to
share in their perfection and holiness, because they are, so to speak, in an
Angelic state.
Now these take no thought of needing the death and passion of our Lord
Jesus Christ; they will confess it half-heartedly, as if to say, "Yes, but..." —
yet one sees quite the opposite, for they hold a fair and market of their
merits, and have some to sell, so that others may find themselves and place
their trust in this profanation. Then, as many bigots and devout hypocrites
as there are in the Papacy, so many are horns raised up against God, for they
are always puffed up with this pride, saying: What? If I did not merit
anything, of what use would it be to me to have had so many good
devotions, to have had so many masses sung, to have mumbled so much, to
have run from altar to altar, to have had my devotion to such a Saint, to
have kept such a feast? In short, they always have this accursed and infernal
opinion of wishing to put God in their debt. Behold how Satan deceives
them by such illusions, so that they cannot taste of what use to them is the
death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Others do not trust in their
merits — like drunkards, debauchees, and dissolute people — they will not
say, "We are like little Angels, we have lived well, we have been fervent in
our devotions"; but they mock at it (as I have already said) and think they
can escape the hand of God by their scorn and mockeries.
For this cause the Prophet calls us all here, and says: Look, poor people,
at what you are, until God has declared to you his pity in our Lord Jesus
Christ his Son; for we have all gone astray, you are all lost beasts. Behold
his intent; and he says "we all," because he includes himself in the number.
Indeed, for we have already seen that the Jews had to be enclosed in this
general condemnation of men, because it seemed to them they ought to be
exempted from it. For they always had this foolish presumption, that since
God had adopted and chosen them, they thought themselves worth more
than the rest. Now the Prophet encloses them here in eternal death, until
they have sought the remedy of their deliverance in Jesus Christ. We are,
then, all enclosed in this condemnation; and he also uses this word "all" to
exclude every exception — as if he said: Let no one boast, not even to the
least degree, of being righteous before God, so as to be able to do without
the remedy I have now declared. For the most perfect, and he who has the
most holiness in the opinion of men, will be found guilty before God.
We see, then, now the Prophet's intent; but even so he is not content with
this — he says, "each has strayed in his own way." And why does he repeat
the statement, moving from "all" to "each"? Because when we are
condemned in general, we are still not so moved, nor with such liveliness as
would be required. It is true that one must submit to condemnation when it
is said that among men there is not a single righteous one — as in another
passage of the Psalm it is said that God has looked, and has not found a
single man who was not rotten in his vices. There it is spoken as much of
the virtuous, and of those who have had great and singular reputation, as of
the most debauched. It is said that they have all gone astray, and that even
to the last one, there is not one who was not entirely corrupted before God;
and holy Scripture is full of this doctrine, and St. Paul shows it well enough
in the third chapter of Romans, when he brings together all the passages,
both from the Psalms and from the Prophets, where it is said that men are
depraved, and that there is in them nothing but malice and treachery, that
they are full of cruelty, that there is nothing but venom and every violence,
that fraud and rapine are theirs, and that their throat is an open grave. When,
then, all these things are said, St. Paul adds that all men are comprehended
in this without any exception, until God has changed and renewed them by
his Holy Spirit.
Now when this doctrine is preached, we must all bow our heads, for we
shall have shame and horror to reply against God. And indeed, what shall
we gain in all our disputes? For we must, in spite of our teeth, feel that it is
not in vain that we are condemned, since God is our judge. Yet meanwhile
each will return home unmoved by it, and what has been said will scarcely
touch us; we will say readily enough that we are all sinners, and that there is
none who is not guilty before God — but do we truly feel our vices so as to
be displeased with ourselves, and then be moved to seek the grace of our
Lord Jesus Christ, renouncing ourselves? No indeed — it is enough for us
to have said, as a matter of form, that we are all sinners. What is worse, we
shall often see that men take cover and boldness when they are accused of
their faults, and are found convicted: Oh, it is true, they will say, all are
sinners. A wicked man who has blasphemed the name of God, or committed
some execrable and enormous act, if he is admonished, will deny it at first;
but he will not enter into confession except under compulsion. And well,
does he see himself convicted? And it is true, he will say, that we are all
sinners: which is to say, that you are a wicked hypocrite, mocking God.
Thus, we see that under this generality there are many who will seek some
excuse, so that their turpitude may not be known as it should be. For this
cause, the Prophet, after having said "All have gone astray," adds "each,
each" — as if he said: Do not look in general at what the human race is, but
let each withdraw apart to himself, and there think and search out well what
you are. For it is then that we are touched by the judgment of God, and are
led to true humility, when we feel our own evil so as to be brought to
repentance — when each has thus spoken to himself as in secret. We see,
then, now the Prophet's intent.
Furthermore, in saying that each has gone astray in his own way, he
shows firstly what it is of men when they govern themselves by their own
appetite, and according to their own reason and prudence. And this is
another article we must note well, in that we shall see some so foolish that
one will never persuade them they are casting themselves into perdition,
when they do as they please; others are so brutalised in their desires that
they do not recognise that they knowingly plunge themselves into the
depths of hell, unless God draws them out of it. We see today the Papists,
when they are refuted by the word of God and see themselves convicted:
Well, they say, let me be, I will always go my own way, whatever happens.
And so you go to the devil, for that is where your course will take you. Oh
yes, but my devotion is such — and since it is good, is it possible God
would reject it? Yes indeed, but the Prophet Isaiah speaks here as much of
the devotion each takes up; and the Holy Spirit who spoke through his
mouth at that time — did he not well know that you would be a bigot, or a
devout hypocrite, full of pride and venom, that you would wish to govern
yourself by your own fancy, that you would wish to forge for yourself a
service of God to your own liking, that you would worship idols and think
you were doing well, that you would have your devotion there? Did the
Holy Spirit not know all these vilenesses well? Look at what he pronounces
of it: "Each has walked in his own way" — that is, each has gone off to
hell, each has thrown himself into perdition when he followed his own
course.
Behold, then, what are the ways of men. And thus, we are taught by this
passage to strip ourselves of all foolish arrogance, and to recognise that in
doing all that seems good to us, and what we judge to be quite reasonable, it
is as if we had conspired with Satan to throw ourselves into his snares. This
doctrine, then, ought to correct all presumption in us, so that we suffer
ourselves to be governed only by the Spirit of God and by his Word; and
likewise let us note that by these words the Prophet Isaiah has declared that
even though we know the good, we shall not fail to be given over to evil.
And why? Because all our affections are rebellious against God; even
though we see that the evil must be removed, we shall not fail to be carried
away to it — not by force, but by a wilful malice that is so hidden in us that
the fruits must show what the root is. Thus, let us recognise, firstly, that
there is no understanding in us to walk aright, but that there is only one way
that God approves, and which will lead us to salvation — namely, when our
Lord Jesus Christ takes us into his charge, and we become sheep of his
flock, and follow him as our shepherd. Let us also further recognise that all
our affections are corrupted, and that we shall seek evil instead of good,
until our Lord Jesus Christ has corrected and reformed us, and has put in us
a right disposition to obey him. This, then, is what the Prophet wished to
declare.
Now we must conclude that all those who wander here and there turn
themselves away from our Lord Jesus Christ; for the Prophet declares that
there is not one Patriarch, not one Prophet, not one of all the holy Fathers
and Martyrs who did not need to be reconciled to God by the death and
passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. If Abraham, father of the faithful, if
David, mirror of all righteousness, if others like them — such as Job and
Daniel, who are named as mirrors of all holiness and perfection — if these,
I say, were poor stray and lost sheep until gathered by our Lord Jesus
Christ, alas, what shall become of us? Thus, when we go to seek them out
as our mediators, and imagine we can escape by their means the perdition in
which we are, do we not show that we are far too ungrateful to our Lord
Jesus Christ? And that meanwhile we are far too devoid of sense, in going
to beg from those who themselves have need to have recourse to the death
and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ? For if necessity constrains us to seek
a remedy, we must go to him to whom the faithful of every age have had
their refuge; for there is neither St. Peter, nor St. Paul, nor the Virgin Mary,
nor anything whatsoever, that is exempt from this. Let us learn, then, to
come to the source and the fountain, and to draw there what we lack. For
our Lord Jesus has enough to satisfy us all, and we need never fear that the
fullness of grace he has in himself will run dry; he will give to each his
share and portion when one comes to seek it there.
Let us, then, come boldly to our Lord Jesus Christ, and he will suffice for
all; but whoever wanders here and there elsewhere cannot avail himself of
the remedy God offers him, but rejects it as far as it depends on him; his
ingratitude hinders him from enjoying the grace offered him. And we shall
be all the more inexcusable, since this is preached to us daily. For God has
not been content to have sent his Son once, and to have exposed him to
death, to have struck him in his wrath — although he loved him as his only
Son (for although he wished to overwhelm him in appearance, and used all
rigour against him, nevertheless he was always the beloved Son, as we have
said; but all this was so that we might be absolved) — he has not, I say,
been content with this, but daily sets this treasure before us, that we might
enjoy it. He declares to us that Jesus Christ, whose side was pierced, has
today his heart as it were opened, so that we may have certainty of the love
he bears us; and that as he had his arms fastened on the cross, now he has
them stretched out to draw us to himself; and that he wills that all these
things should profit us — that as he shed his blood, he wills that today we
be plunged into it. When, then, God invites us so sweetly, and Jesus Christ
also sets before us the fruit of his death and passion, showing us that his
blood is always fresh (as the Apostle speaks of it in the Epistle to the
Hebrews) — that it is not a blood that dries up or fails, but that, having been
sanctified by his heavenly power, it always remains fresh (as the Apostle
also used this word) — let us know that his power is not diminished, and
that it has always its full and entire efficacy, such as it had from the
beginning, so that we may all come to range ourselves with our Lord Jesus
Christ. And after having confessed our poverty and been confounded by it,
let us not doubt that he is sufficient to give such a remedy that we may
conclude we are received and acknowledged by God as his own children,
and that he holds us as righteous and perfect, whereas we were abominable
before him. This is what we must retain from this doctrine. Today, seeing
that some mock and jeer, others rise up in pride and presumption and think
to satisfy God by their own righteousness, let us renounce such
blasphemies, and in true faith and repentance let us seek our Lord Jesus
Christ, and let all our affection be to come and range ourselves with him,
when we feel ourselves thus laden with this unbearable burden.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
FOURTH SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
7. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his
mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her
shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. 8. He was taken from prison
and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut
off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he
stricken.
***
The Prophet, having declared to us that we must each look to himself and to
his own faults, in order to take a right taste for the death and passion of our
Lord Jesus Christ, now adds that what he suffered, he suffered not by force
but of his own free will — as indeed, without this, we would not be
justified, and the reconciliation would not be made between God and us:
namely, if Jesus Christ had not repaired our transgressions by his obedience.
For if the death of the Son of God had been forced, and he had not
submitted to it voluntarily, it would not have been a sacrifice to efface our
faults — as St. Paul also brings us back to this, saying that our rebellions
were abolished by the obedience of one man. What was the cause that made
God our enemy, and still makes him so, except that we never cease to
offend him? He created us to enjoy us peacefully; but when we refuse to
bear his yoke, he must detest us and disown us as his creatures, and rightly
so.
Now, then, this is why it is said not only that our Lord Jesus was chastised
for our faults and iniquities, but that he did not open his mouth, and there
was no contradiction in him; but, knowing that he was ordained to this, and
that such was the eternal counsel of God his Father, he showed himself
obedient even unto death. Thus, when we wish to feel still better the power
of the death and passion of the Son of God, let each of us think in how
many ways he has contravened the will of God and his justice. We shall find
that we never cease to make war on him, as if we knowingly wished to defy
him. We ought not, then, to wonder that we had need of such a remedy —
namely, that the Son of God, to bury the memory of all our rebellions,
should render himself obedient in our place. It is true that our Lord Jesus
spoke before Pilate his judge; but this was not to escape death — rather he
offered himself to it, and even refused to accept any occasion of being
absolved, because it was necessary that he be condemned in our name.
It is not, then, without cause that the Prophet says he was as one dumb,
and compares him to a sheep or to a lamb, looking to the figure of the
ancient sacrifices; for when we are told of the death and passion of our Lord
Jesus Christ, we must take it as a sacrifice by which God was appeased,
since sins (as we have shown above) cannot be abolished before God except
by such means. And indeed, when under the Law men wished to ask pardon
for their faults, the sacrifice always had to be added. They could bring no
recompense of their own; but God declared to them that it was enough that
they founded themselves on the promise given them of the Redeemer. Thus,
so that the Jews should know that Jesus Christ was to fulfil all that was then
figured in the Law, this name of Lamb is notably attributed to him, and
under one figure the Prophet has comprehended the whole — as if he said
that Jesus Christ, in his death and passion, would first abolish all our
iniquities, in that he submitted himself to the will of God his Father; and
then, secondly, that he would be sacrificed as a lamb, so that by the
shedding of his blood all our blemishes might be washed and cleansed.
Now, when we are reproved for the many faults we commit, and must feel
the wrath of God, let us have recourse to what is set before us here —
namely, that our Lord Jesus Christ, not without cause, was unwilling to
reply, however extreme the afflictions he endured, and although God
displayed upon him all rigour, nevertheless he peaceably suffered it all, so
that by that obedience we might be reconciled.
Meanwhile, we are also exhorted to conform ourselves to his example —
not that we can in all perfection humble ourselves before God, but we must
strive toward it. I say, when it pleases God to chastise us, and we feel great
harshness in his hand, and it seems to us that we are too hard pressed, we
must nevertheless keep silence, and confess that God is just and equitable,
and let no murmur be heard from our mouth; but rather let us glorify God in
keeping silent — indeed as poor sinners who are convicted of their crimes
and have no reply. Behold, then, how St. Peter applies this passage —
namely, that when we are afflicted by the hand of God, indeed even
persecuted by the hand of men, we should not fail to bear patiently the
injuries done to us, knowing that God wishes to test us, or else wishes to
punish us for our faults. And let us take care not to allege frivolous excuses,
as many do, who put forward their weakness, and that they are too feeble
and cannot keep quiet while God presses them with great anguish. We must
nevertheless be conformed to the Son of God, for he is our mirror and
pattern — not (as I have said) that there can be equal virtue in us, but even
though we do not approach him, we must still tend toward it. And further
we see that David, being a fragile man as we are, did not fail nevertheless to
practice this doctrine — as he says on the one hand: "Lord, knowing that it
is thy hand that is thus laid heavy upon me, I have kept silence." And in
another passage: "Well, since the reins were loosed to my enemies, I have
suffered patiently the injuries and outrages they did me."
Behold, then, what we must retain from this passage: namely, that as the
Son of God was dumb, to give glory to God, and did not contradict or reply
in all his afflictions, so too we shall suffer God to chastise us when it
pleases him, or to test our obedience by loosing the reins to the wicked so
that they persecute us. Now it is impossible to attain to this until we have
this doctrine well settled — that when our Lord Jesus was silent before God
his Father and before men, he thereby repaired all our faults and rebellions.
Furthermore, when we are told that by his silence he acquired righteousness
for us, we see that such silence brings with it also this benefit: that it served
to maintain our cause, and that he is now our advocate before God, ever
having his mouth open — that is, having his intercession ready to remedy
all the offenses we have committed. For inasmuch as he suffered himself to
be persecuted to the end without answering, he acquired for himself this
office: that if we are convicted in our consciences before God, and must
submit to condemnation, and have no answer with which to excuse
ourselves, we shall nevertheless be defended by him, and God will judge us
as innocent, since our faults have thus been repaired. Behold, then, at which
end we must begin, and then we shall have better courage, and shall be
much better disposed to keep silence when we are thus afflicted by the hand
of God.
Now the Prophet further adds that he was taken up out of anguish, or out
of prison (for this word carries that meaning), and out of judgment. Some
expound this as though Jesus Christ had been snatched from death by a
sudden violence; but rather we are told that he was not vanquished in death,
but that by the power of God his Father he was raised up. It is already a
great thing that we know our Lord Jesus suffered for our salvation, and that,
having examined our lives, we feel that without such a remedy we were
damned and lost; but if only his death and passion were spoken of, we
would still be in doubt and scruple. For how could we hope he would give
us life, if he were himself overwhelmed in death? We would perceive no
divine or heavenly power, without which we cannot conceive a firm trust in
him; we would see there only weakness that would astonish us.
Just as, then, the Prophet has spoken above of the fruit that the death and
passion of our Lord Jesus Christ brings us, he now adds that this is because
he shall be raised up by the power of God his Father. He was, then, taken up
(he says) from anguish and from judgment. And although he was
condemned, this was not because God abandoned him in his need, but he
was exalted to have sovereign Empire, and to have dominion over all
creatures. And this is also what St. Paul shows us in the first chapter of
Romans, saying that he was declared the Son of God in his resurrection. For
if we look at Jesus Christ only in his life, as he conversed here below
among men, and then in his death, we shall not find in him what is required
for our salvation. It is true that the miracles he did, the doctrine he
preached, and the other signs he showed, were indeed sufficient to declare
him the Son of God — were it not that we are too weak in faith. But we
would still remain always confounded in perplexity, when Jesus Christ
presented himself as an ordinary man, and even despised; and then when we
would see him in the end subjected to that accursed and so ignominious
death. But when we pass from death to the resurrection, then we know that
our Lord Jesus has acquired victory for us. And this is what St. Paul says in
the other passage of the second to the Corinthians, that if he died in the
weakness of his flesh, in the power of God his Father he is risen. Thus, the
order the Prophet follows here tends to this end: that we should not doubt
that our Lord Jesus has life in his hand, and that he is lord and master of it,
since this has been declared in his person. Let us know, then, that the Son of
God was annihilated for us; and let us know at the same time that he was
not thereby stripped of his power — and that if he kept it hidden for a little
while, we have of it a sure testimony in his resurrection, so that there is no
excuse for us not to rest our trust fully in him, and boldly to defy the devil
and sin, since Jesus Christ has triumphed over them, and the hand of God
has sustained him to free him from anguish, and from there he was exalted
to be lieutenant of God his Father, and (as I have already said) to have
sovereign empire in the world. This, then, is in sum what we must retain
when it is said that he was taken up from prison and from judgment.
Now it was indeed necessary that our Lord Jesus should descend even to
the abysses before being exalted to the glory of the heavens; for if he had
appeared only in his majesty, how could we today be assured that our sins
are forgiven us? We would see the Son of God, who is the fountain of life,
but he would be as it were separated from us, and we would have nothing in
common with him, we could not approach him. Moreover, we would
always have occasion to despair, since we are guilty of infinite faults. If,
then, our Lord Jesus had descended to the abysses without being lifted up to
the heavens, what would that be? We would remain always as poor, terror-
struck people, and would be in endless and ceaseless disquiet; we would be
in a horrible torment, seeing that the wrath of God would always be upon
us. But when it is said first that he was condemned and suffered terrible
anguish, so that we might be freed from it, and that, having peace with God
(as was treated yesterday), we might now know that he loves us, is
favourable to us, and receives us in mercy — when, then, we know that
Jesus Christ was taken up from that, we may also well conclude that this
was to draw us to himself, so that we might be partakers of the glory given
him by God his Father.
Furthermore, we must also note what the Prophet adds: "who shall declare
his generation?" For by this he wishes to show that the resurrection of our
Lord Jesus Christ has its effect and its power in perpetuity, and that it is not
a temporal thing that flows away and soon vanishes. And this too is very
necessary, for some have taken this "generation" to mean the eternal
generation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in that he was begotten of God his
Father from all eternity. Others have pulled these words of the Prophet this
way and that; but on close examination there is no doubt that he wished to
show that the loftiness given to Jesus Christ was not for himself and his
own person alone — and further, that it was not for one day only, but that
he has acquired for us a permanent life, as St. Paul says, that he died once to
sin, but now lives to God and shall never die again. By this he declares to us
that the sacrifice our Lord Jesus offered ought to fully content us, since he
has thereby sanctified us with all perfection. There was, then, no need for
the Son of God to suffer several times; but since he had this power in
himself to efface once for all our iniquities, let us have our boldly refuge in
his death and passion, and let us not doubt that it always retains this vigour
to reconcile us to God.
Now the life into which our Lord Jesus has entered is truly heavenly, for
he has a perfect condition, in which there is nothing to be said against it;
and when St. Paul says that he lives to God, it is in that he is now exempt
from all our miseries, and from the condition he had before taken on of
being a mortal man. Jesus Christ, then, has stripped off all that, and is now
separated from all human frailties — indeed, so that we might hope for the
same in ourselves, who are his members. Let us note, then, first, that the
Prophet has here declared that our Lord Jesus is not risen in order ever
again to be subject to death, but that he has acquired a permanent life. And
secondly, that this was not for his person alone, but for his whole Church —
as when it is said in the Psalm that God has ascended on high and taken the
spoils of his enemies, to show that when our Lord Jesus was exalted after
his death, the whole benefit returned to the profit and common salvation of
the Church. That he has conquered Satan and sin, then, was so that we
might be delivered from them, and might enjoy the fruit of such a victory,
and make it our triumph.
Behold, then, in sum, what we must retain from this passage. Now the
whole matter is that we know how to apply it well to our own use. When,
then, it is said that the Son of God was taken up from anguish and from
condemnation, let us learn, when we are tempted to some despair, to set
Jesus Christ before our eyes, knowing that he passed through this, and that
God his Father held out his hand to him so that he should not be
overwhelmed, and that this was in our name. Thus, we have the means to
come out of our anguishes, having Jesus Christ as our captain, and
following his steps, since all that was accomplished in him, as in our head,
belongs to us, and its effect will show itself in each believer. And when it is
spoken of his "generation," this is so that we may know that he will have
the power to maintain his Church to the end, for he does not wish to be
separated from his body. It is true that his condition is quite different from
ours, until we are drawn away from this world; but yet he is always the
firstborn from the dead, he is the firstfruits of those who must rise. Let us
recognise, then, that the Son of God, not only in his essence and divine
majesty is immortal, but also in his flesh and in his human nature, and that
this is so that the Church may always be preserved in this world, and never
perish. We must, then, be assured of the permanent estate of the Church
when we are founded on this passage.
It is true that we shall see great troubles, and it will often seem that the
Church of God must perish; for it takes but one storm to arise, and the
waves will be so great and so terrible that men will say, "It is finished, all is
lost." And we see this by experience. What appearance is there that the
Church of God is maintained, when it is thus assailed on every side? When
there are so many assaults, does it not seem that it must be utterly
overwhelmed? But nevertheless, we must come back to the Head. And since
the age of our Lord Jesus Christ has no end, and there is no change that
could hinder him from always having regard to the well-keeping of his
Church, even though there be temptations far greater and more violent than
they are, let us be nonetheless assured. And this must not be applied only to
the whole community of the faithful, but also to each of us. Let us know,
then, and be well persuaded, that although our life is but a breath, and we
are ready at every minute to be extinguished, we nevertheless have a
permanent life, in that we are members of our Lord Jesus Christ. And
furthermore, let us learn at the same time how to pass through this world,
since it is so that this present life we now enjoy is not our true life, but a
passage through which we must run swiftly, until we have arrived at the rest
of our inheritance. Behold, then, how, in hoping for eternal life, we must
quit all this, which is nothing but a shadow; and our senses must not be
entangled in all that appears to us, and that could make us remain in this
world — for all who cling to it, it is certain that they thereby separate
themselves from the Son of God, and make themselves unworthy of having
any part or portion in his eternity. Let us, then, withdraw ourselves from
this world, if we wish to be joined to the Son of God.
Furthermore, so that this doctrine should have still more vigour and force
upon us, the Prophet cries out — he does not merely pronounce that the age
of our Lord Jesus Christ will be eternal, but he throws himself, as it were,
like a man utterly astonished: "Who shall declare his age?" Thus, we are
admonished to fight against every temptation, and if we are sometimes
hindered here and there, if we are, amid the turmoil, almost cast down, that
we should nevertheless resist and take pains to press on, until we come to
what is here shown us — namely, that the age of our Lord Jesus Christ
cannot be known by human sense, nor can it be expressed by mouth. And to
do this, we must likewise be warned to pass beyond all our own thoughts
when it is a matter of trusting in our Lord Jesus Christ, and following him
so as to partake of the heavenly inheritance he has acquired for us. It is not
a matter of stopping at our own opinion and fancy in order rightly to treat
this doctrine, as if it could be debated by human speech. Let us recognise
that our faith, although it depends on hearing, will never be assured unless it
receives testimony from God and his Holy Spirit — indeed a testimony that
surpasses all that could be expressed by man's tongue. For this cause we
must not be held back by our own apprehensions, to judge as seems good to
us, but must know that it is an admirable and incomprehensible secret that
the only Son of God became a mortal man, and submitted himself to death,
so that we might be exempted from it; and that now, amid our frailties, we
nevertheless do not fail to have a permanent life, which we possess by faith,
until it is manifested to us at the last day, at his coming. Behold, in sum,
what we must retain from this passage.
Now again the Prophet adds that he was cut off from the land of the
living, and bore the stripes that were due to his people. This is a
confirmation of what we said just now — namely, that the age of our Lord
Jesus Christ was not for his person alone, but for the whole body of the
Church, to which he is united, and with which he has, as it were, an
inseparable bond. For the Prophet shows us that without this we would have
to say that the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ would be useless.
Now this is an unbearable blasphemy, to think that the Son of God
descended into the world, and endured a death so cruel, and that the
judgment of God thus fell upon his head, that he bore the punishment of our
sins, that he was reputed the greatest malefactor in the world, and yet that
this brought no profit to his faithful — one would say it had been like a
game. The Prophet, then, brings us back to this: that we should well
consider to what end and purpose our Lord Jesus was thus beaten and
struck. This did not come about by chance, as has been declared above. And
we must not merely look at the hand of men, and of those who unjustly
slew him, but we must lift up the eyes of our faith to that counsel of God by
which he had ordained that Jesus Christ be sacrificed, in order to acquire for
us the remission of our sins. Since this is so, then, we must always conclude
that Jesus Christ did not suffer for himself, but that he endured and suffered
the stripes that were due to us.
Now here, first, we are exhorted to enter into knowledge and examination
of our sins, when the death and passion of our Lord Jesus is set before us. It
is true that there God displays the infinite treasures of his goodness; as
indeed, when St. Paul treated of how we have been justified by our Lord
Jesus Christ, and, resting upon his death and passion, may now boldly
present ourselves before God and glory that he will always hold us as
agreeable to him — St. Paul, I say, after having treated this doctrine, that
although we are poor sinners, we shall never be cast out by God, but he will
bear with us because he receives us in the name of his only Son, adds: "I
beseech you, my brothers, by the bowels of the goodness and mercy of
God." In which he shows that in what Jesus Christ suffered, we have a
testimony of the infinite love of God — as if he uncovered his heart to us,
and set before us his very bowels to testify to us how dear we are to him,
and how precious our souls are to him.
But this should nevertheless not lull us to sleep, so that each is content in
his sins; for the more God has shown himself liberal in the person of our
Lord Jesus Christ, the more we ought to feel, on the other hand, how great
an enormity there is in our being enemies to him, and warring against his
justice, defying him against us. For the grace God shows us in our Lord
Jesus Christ must always draw us to repentance. Today the Papists try
falsely to slander the doctrine we preach — namely, that we must be saved
by the free goodness of God, and that we must have our refuge in Jesus
Christ, knowing that it is there we have all perfection of righteousness. Yes,
they say, and so everyone will live according to his own appetite, and no
longer scruple to offend God? Now it is true that these dogs can bark in
such a way, since they have never tasted what the remission of sins is. For
these hypocrites make full mockery of God and of all religion, and have
never apprehended what it is to have transgressed the Law of God. And we
see also how they think to acquit themselves. If they have sung a mass, if
they have mumbled, if they have made some little trifles and petty foolery,
behold God who ought indeed to be appeased, as a child with a little rattle.
Behold, then, how these mockers of God can well blaspheme against the
doctrine of the Gospel. But when we have known our sins, and to what end
the inestimable grace of God is preached to us, it is certain we shall be
touched with repentance, and shall be mortally wounded with horror and
dread, seeing that God is contrary to us, since we have provoked his wrath.
And this is what the Prophet meant to say here, that Jesus Christ bore the
stripes that were due to us. By which he shows that we shall never truly feel
to the quick what the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ has
profited us, unless we are deeply touched there — at having offended our
God, and having made him our judge and enemy, until we are reconciled to
him by his pure goodness. Now this is often enough shown to us in holy
Scripture; but the whole matter is that we apply our mind and our study to
it.
Whatever the case, we see that our Lord Jesus Christ calls only those who
are burdened and labouring. By this he excludes all those who are asleep in
their iniquities, who flatter themselves in them, or who cast themselves
headlong without any fear of God. Those, then, who are thus given over
entirely to evil cannot approach our Lord Jesus Christ; this is a certain
thing. For who will give us entry to him, save the voice by which he invites
us? The same is true of those who blind themselves in their pride and
presumption, who make themselves believe they are righteous in
themselves; it is certain that for them too the door is shut, and that they
cannot hope that our Lord Jesus Christ will bring them any relief. And why?
"Come to me," he says. And to whom? To the whole world. It is true that he
indeed calls the whole world, but he distinguishes: "You who are burdened
and labouring." After having called all those who have need of his help, he
shows that none can be partaker of it unless he is burdened and labouring.
When, then, we feel our burden, and groan under it, knowing that we can
bear no more, behold how the way is made and opened for us to come to
our Lord Jesus Christ, for he has his arms outstretched to receive us. As we
shall also see hereafter, he was sent to preach to those who are cast down in
heart. We must, then, be sacrificed in this manner in order to be conformed
to our Lord Jesus Christ. It is true that the sacrifice he offered is our full
hope — that is, that we must presume to add nothing of our own to it. Jesus
Christ has fully acquired salvation for us in that he was sacrificed to God
his Father; but meanwhile we must be threatened by the judgment of God,
and know how enormous a thing it is that we, poor worms of the earth,
should rise up against the majesty of him who created us, that we should
violate his justice, especially since we are in this world to serve and honour
him. Let us, then, feel this vividly in ourselves, so as to come to our Lord
Jesus Christ.
Now it might seem at first sight that the Prophet had here added a strange
reason, in saying, "because he was cut off from the land of the living." For,
that Jesus Christ might be exalted, and now reign in heaven and on earth, it
does not seem that the means would be proper, that first he should have to
be as it were cut off — for he had, before the creation of the world, always
this glory in which he now is, as he protested in the seventeenth chapter of
St. John. Jesus Christ, then, acquired nothing new as to his divine essence.
Now to be as it were overwhelmed in death is not the passage to attain to
heavenly glory; to be condemned by a mortal man is not the way to be
constituted Judge of the world. But nevertheless, God has willed thus to
work beyond human sense; and we must not bring here our own opinion, as
if we could find fault with this counsel, which we know to be the cause and
source of our salvation — but must, in all humility, glorify God that he
willed that his Son should be thus cut off from the land of the living. Now
the Prophet notably speaks as if Jesus Christ had been utterly abolished —
and he has not meant to express merely a common death, but one that was
for his extermination, so that it was as if his memory had been fully
abolished and effaced. For although all men must die, and are thereby cut
off from the land of the living, yet this was seen as something special in our
Lord Jesus Christ: that his death was to exclude him from the ranks of men.
For there was ignominy in it (as we have said); there was the curse of God;
and moreover, there were, at the same time, the depths of hell — not that
Jesus Christ was swallowed up in them, but nevertheless he battled against
the anguishes of death.
Thus, it is not without cause that the Prophet sets him forth here as having
been abolished from among men. But whatever the case, by this means he
acquired a majesty in this nature he had taken from us, so that today, being
our brother, he does not fail also to be our Judge. And this is how St. Paul
speaks of it, that he made himself obedient unto death — indeed unto the
death that was accursed. In saying that he made himself obedient, he notes
what we have already declared from the Prophet — namely, that what our
Lord Jesus Christ endured was voluntary. And because we are guilty before
God and are his enemies, it is said that Jesus Christ subjected himself — he
who had all mastery and authority, he took the form of a servant, he took
the condition of those who were under the yoke, as St. Paul says. Behold,
then, how in his whole life he made himself obedient, and was willing to be
under the Law. And not only that, but although he had horrible
apprehensions of death, even to sweating blood and water, even to saying,
"My Father, if it be possible, let this bitter cup pass from me" —
nevertheless he restrains himself: "Thy will be done" (he says), "and not
mine." Now upon this St. Paul adds that for this cause God his Father has
exalted him, and given him a name that is above every name, so that today
every knee bows before him. Let us know, then, that Jesus Christ, even in
our nature, has a sovereign majesty, so that we may come to him in full
confidence; for by what right is he Judge of the whole world? It is because
he has not only made himself our brother, but also offered himself to be our
surety, and has borne all our iniquities; he was beaten and struck by the
hand of God, so that we might be delivered from the stripes we had
deserved. For this cause he is now exalted, so that we may boldly approach
him. Now it is true that the wicked and the devils, in spite of their teeth,
must feel how the Son of God is above them, for all his enemies must be
trampled underfoot. But on our part we must render him a voluntary
homage, and peaceably range ourselves with him, and recognise the
majesty given him in his human nature, so that we may have something
with which to glory against sin.
Now that this is understood of the person of Jesus Christ appears well
enough from what St. Luke recounts, that the Eunuch, having come to
worship at the Temple of Jerusalem, was reading this passage, and that it
was expounded to him by Philip, who was sent by God and carried off by
the Angel expressly, to come to this man who was seeking God, but as a
poor blind man who as yet had no knowledge. Yet this passage was so
expounded to him that with a single preaching he was converted to our Lord
Jesus Christ, and asked and required to be baptized in his name. This ought
to touch us deeply, for firstly we are admonished that even if at first we
cannot have the pure understanding of the doctrine of our Lord Jesus Christ,
and of what the fruit is that we ought to gather from what is preached to us
daily, we must not for that despair — but rather seek in Scripture what is
unknown to us, and God will stretch out his hand to us, and, having pity on
us, will direct us to the true goal. And since this poor man, who exercised
himself in the reading of the Bible and did not know what it meant, was
converted to our Lord Jesus Christ, let us take care not to fall asleep, but
rather follow what is said in the Psalm: "Today, if you hear his voice,
harden not your hearts." Thus, let us so taste the doctrine that is here
preached to us, that we may be brought to our Lord Jesus Christ, and
receive him so that we hold to him in true constancy of faith, that we may
profit by it and be confirmed to the end; and that, having truly humbled
ourselves, we may come and present ourselves to our God to ask him
pardon; and notwithstanding our unworthiness, that we should not fail to lift
up our heads, and to conceive a true certainty that in the name of this great
Redeemer we shall be accepted by God. And although he was overwhelmed
for a little while, let us return to this point: that nevertheless he was exalted
above the heavens, so as to draw us to himself — as he himself says in St.
John, in the twelfth chapter, "When I shall be lifted up from the earth, I will
draw all things to myself."
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
FIFTH SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
9. And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his
death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his
mouth. 10. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him; he hath put him to grief:
when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he
shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his
hand.
***
The Prophet continues here the doctrine we have already seen — namely,
that there was such enmity between God and us that there was no way to
appease his wrath except that Jesus Christ should answer for it to the very
end. For the more the Son of God suffered, the more we may gather from it
how enormous our faults are, and in what detestation God holds them; since
(as we have said, and shall yet recite) there is nothing superfluous or useless
in the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. And thus, inasmuch as he
was grievously afflicted, he testified to us on the one hand his infinite
goodness and the love he bore us; but we must also contemplate what our
iniquities deserved before God. Now it is said here that, besides what has
already been recited, our Lord Jesus Christ was exposed to every mockery
and reproach of the wicked, and that they made their triumph of it; for by
this word "grave" there is no doubt that the Prophet meant to express that
Jesus Christ was subjected to every insult, and that God willed as it were to
abandon him for a time, so that men might have full license to vilify him —
as is shown us in the history of the Gospel.
For not only was Jesus Christ crucified, but all stuck out their tongues
against him, and hurled their taunts, and even urged him to despair as much
as it was possible. And this had already also been said in Psalm 22, that the
vilest and most wretched should stick out their tongues against him. And we
hear also their words: "He saved others; let him save himself if he can. And
why does he not call upon his God? We shall see if he loves him so much."
Behold, then, how our Lord Jesus was wounded by the wicked, and men
gave themselves over against him in all fury. And this is so that before God
we might obtain such grace that all our reproaches might be hidden; and
although Satan accuses us, and has cause to, nevertheless everything that
might shame us is buried. Since this is so, then, that our Lord Jesus was
willing to endure all the blame and reproach of men, it is so that before God
all our shameful acts might be hidden and not remembered.
When the Prophet speaks here of the rich, it is as if he named the most
violent, those who give themselves free rein to everything. For we know
that when men are in credit, and have much wealth, they make themselves
feared and dreaded, and always abuse their power. One will find very few
who keep themselves in sobriety and moderation, and who are humane,
when they have the means to do evil. As for the poor, though they have
much haughtiness in them, they are nonetheless restrained by force, and so
the evil that is hidden will not appear. But the rich, and those who have the
means, throw off all restraint, and think everything is permitted to them. In
short, the Prophet meant to say that our Lord Jesus was as it were put into
the hands of men, so that he might be so vilely treated that they would not
even deign to reckon him among the most contemptible, but that he was as
a worm of the earth, and all mockeries were addressed to him. Behold, in
sum, what is treated in this first part.
Now he adds at the same time that nevertheless he had done no violence
— to show that the Son of God, being innocent in his own person, was
willing to receive all our burdens, by which we would have been
overwhelmed; for no mortal creature could be found able to sustain what
was borne and suffered by our Lord Jesus Christ. And thus again the
Prophet declares to us that it was not for his own deserts, nor because he
was guilty of anything, that men were thus his enemies and cruel toward
him, and exercised every tyranny upon him — but it was for our sake. And
indeed, if we contemplate the life of our Lord Jesus, we shall find nothing
that gave anyone occasion to make any attempt against him. It is true that
the Chief Priests say to Pilate that if he had not been a malefactor they
would not have brought him before him. Yet if one inquires into the
misdeeds of Jesus Christ, it is that he did good to the whole world — for he
gave sight to the blind, made the lame to walk, healed the sick, raised the
dead, fed the hungry crowds; in short, one sees nothing but all the riches of
the goodness and mercy of God displayed in him.
How, then, was he so cruelly persecuted by men? This must come from
elsewhere. This is why the Prophet brings us back to our faults and offences
when he speaks of the integrity of our Lord Jesus Christ. For we must not
think that the Prophet here meant simply to justify the Son of God. It would
be too thin a doctrine to say, "Behold, he was guilty of nothing, but
conducted himself in such a way that he ought to be loved and honoured by
all the world." This is quite true, but it would be too cold a doctrine, as if
our Lord Jesus needed to be excused, and to be exempted from all blame.
But the Prophet has looked far higher — namely, to join these two articles
he sets forth here: that God thus exposed his only Son to every reproach and
insult, and yet that he was innocent. If men had risen up against him and
this had not happened by the providence and counsel of God, one would say
they were driven by some rage, and yet we would not find the cause; but it
is said, "It is the hand of God." For although the Priests, all the Jews in
general, and the soldiers were incited by the devil to belch forth such
blasphemies as we read in the Gospel against our Lord Jesus, nevertheless
they did not do this without God having ordained it, says Isaiah. We must
not fix our gaze only on men, to say, "They have done this or that," but it is
a judgment of God, as if he were seated on his judgment-seat, willing to
deliver his only Son into the hands of tyrants and wicked men, and willing
that he be thus struck down in every reproach, so that not one shame should
fail to fall upon him. When, then, it is said not only that men did not spare
our Lord Jesus Christ, but that God his Father did (as it is also said in St.
John, that God so loved the world that he willed to declare this in the person
of his Son, exposing him to so bitter a death for us) — if we thus lift up our
eyes to recognise that nothing was done in the person of our Lord Jesus
Christ that was not determined by God, we must conclude that if Jesus
Christ was innocent (as is the truth), then our sins were shown there to the
eye, and that all the blame and reproach cast upon him ought to have come
upon us. Let us recognise, then, that we are worthy that all creatures should
arm themselves to demand vengeance against us; and even though they
have neither mouth nor tongue, they nevertheless stand as if to uncover all
our shame and all our vices, so that we might be confounded, both before
heaven and before earth.
This, then, is what we must observe firstly: for either God tormented his
only Son at random, or else he must show us the enormity of our sins, and
what we have deserved — namely, that we should be blamed from every
side. It is true that we cannot bear anything of the sort; we are so delicate
that if our honour is touched, we would at once wish to strike back in fury;
but this is because we do not look at what we are, and do not judge whether
it is rightly or wrongly that we are blamed. Now let us note that although
the reproaches we had deserved were abolished in the person of our Lord
Jesus Christ, we nevertheless have need for God to spur us to repentance,
and that when we will not of our own free will enter into examination so as
to be ashamed of ourselves, he raises up men to come and awaken us —
and the more we try to cover ourselves with vain excuses, the more he
brings forward our reproaches, so that they may be known. St. Paul, among
the fruits of repentance, sets this one — that in thinking of our past life, we
should lower our eyes, groan before God, and be ashamed of ourselves. And
who does this, indeed, in such perfection as one ought? Rather we seek by
hypocrisy to forget our faults, and God wishes to bring them back into our
memory and account, seeing that we wish thus to hide them by subterfuges.
But meanwhile let us note that we may now come and present ourselves
before God and his Angels, being assured that our faults shall not be
brought forward, and that our shameful deeds shall not be uncovered, since
our Lord Jesus was thus blamed — and this is not by chance, nor did men
usurp anything against him apart from the will of God; but it is because
God had so established it, and it was a just judgment. Now since our Lord
Jesus is righteous, he must indeed bear our burdens upon him, since he is
thus afflicted. And thus, let us know, first, that we are worthy of every
reproach; and yet, nevertheless, that we are absolved of it, since he has
acquitted us of it, and satisfaction has been made in his person. Behold,
then, why and to what purpose the innocence and integrity of the Son of
God is spoken of here. It is not to bring forward some excuse as far as it
concerns him, but it is to make us feel what we are, and where we would
have had to go, had we not been rescued and redeemed from it.
Furthermore, wishing to express a perfection so full that nothing may be
said against it, the Prophet says that no deceit was found in his mouth. Now
as St. James says, a man must indeed be perfect if not even a vicious word
escapes him, since the tongue is so fragile above all things; and although we
are far too prone to every evil, yet he who could restrain his hands and his
feet, and could rule himself in his whole life so that only fear of God and
every virtue is seen in it, will still not be able to hold his tongue so well that
some levity, some carelessness, lie, or feint is not perceived in it. In short, it
is said that in our Lord Jesus Christ no deceit was found, to show that in all
his deeds and in all his words he was a mirror of holiness. Now it is certain
that all the miseries we endure are the fruits of our sins. For if we had
remained in the integrity in which God had placed our father Adam, all
blame would cease in the world and would be abolished; it is, then, the fruit
of our sins when we are blamed. Thus we must conclude that, since not the
least blemish in the world was found in our Lord Jesus Christ, he bore the
punishment we had deserved and merited.
And this is also why the Prophet adds that God willed to afflict him with
infirmity. This word "infirmity" extends far in Scripture; for it carries with
it all the things that render men contemptible — as we see in several
passages. If there is poverty, sickness, weakness, or contempt; if a man has
no grace, whether to speak well or to act well, if he has no bearing, no skill
— this is called infirmity in Scripture. In short, this brings us back to what
the Prophet had touched on above — namely, that our Lord Jesus was as it
were disfigured, and that no appearance was found in him for which he
might have any reputation among men. Not that he did not always have
certain marks by which to be honoured as the only Son of God, but this was
so obscured by what he endured that he was seen as so infirm that there was
no power in him, and it did not seem he was endowed with any grace for
which he ought to be prized. And we must also recollect what has been
recited — namely, that he was struck and beaten by the hand of God, that he
suffered the horrible anguishes of his judgment, that he bore in his body
torments as terrible as anything could be; and beyond that, he was vilified
by men, as if he were not worthy to be counted among the most wretched.
Behold, then, how the Son of God was afflicted.
Since this is so, let us recognise that since God did not spare him, he has
spared us on our part; and yet meanwhile he has given us occasion to
humble ourselves, so that we no longer hold our heads high, and no longer
presume to justify ourselves, or cast our sins behind our backs, but daily
think on them, and be confounded, seeing the recompense that has been
made for it. For is this a small thing? If there were a poor malefactor who
had committed every theft and brigandage, and, after he had known his
misdeeds, there were the son of a King brought to judgment to bear the
punishment, and the malefactor were absolved and altogether acquitted —
should he jeer and mock, seeing that the King's Son must die and bear the
pain for him? Now we are spared: behold Jesus Christ, the only Son of God,
who is imprisoned, and we are delivered; he is condemned, and we are
absolved; he is exposed to every shame, and we are established in honour;
he descends to the depths of hell, and the entry is opened for us to the
Kingdom of heaven. When, then, we hear all these things, is it a matter of
remaining asleep, of pleasing and flattering ourselves in our vices? Let us
note well, then, the intent of the Holy Spirit, and always weigh this word —
that it is God who willed to afflict him — as if he said that we should not
think that our Lord Jesus abandoned himself as it were to chance, so that the
wicked could torment him thus at their pleasure; for they could do nothing
without the counsel of God — as St. Peter also treats it in Acts: "God," he
says, "has carried out what his hand and his counsel had determined." Thus,
not without cause, the Prophet always brings us back to this: that we must
lift our senses to God, and recognise that, being Judge of the world, he
willed to take satisfaction for our sins and offenses in the person of his only
Son, so that we might be acquitted of them; and that not without cause was
Jesus Christ thus roughly beaten, so that we might walk with our heads held
high, and that we might know that God does not wish to keep in mind all
our foul deeds, which made us as it were detestable before him. And when
we have known this, we shall have profited greatly, not merely for a day,
but for the whole time of our life. For truly this is a doctrine to which we
must apply ourselves so thoroughly that, even though it seems we know it
well, we shall not fail to take pains to conform ourselves to it more and
more.
And this is also why the Prophet adds, for fuller expression, that he shall
lay down his soul in satisfaction for sin — that is, that Jesus Christ will
forget his own life for the redemption of men and for the price of their
faults and iniquities. Now here again the Prophet sets before us the
voluntary obedience of the Son of God: for as he said the Father willed to
afflict him, so now he says that on his part he made himself willing for it,
and that he was not forced to it, but came forward to be a true sacrifice. For
it was always the custom that sacrifices be presented to God by men —
indeed with a free will and devotion, as one says. It was, then, necessary
likewise that our Lord Jesus should offer and give himself up to the death
he endured. And (as was declared yesterday) without this our rebellions
would not have been repaired before God; but when he laid down his soul
— that is, when he made himself ready and prepared to suffer the
condemnation that was owed to us — behold how in his death we may have
full confidence of salvation. And he himself declared this in St. John: "No
man taketh my life from me," he says, "but I lay it down of my own
accord." It is true that his life was taken from him when he was crucified,
and we see with what inhumanity and rage those who crucified him were
driven; but nevertheless they could attempt nothing against him, even had
they wished it and striven for it, except insofar as all this was done
according to the ordinance and decree of God the Father, as we have
already declared, citing this passage from Acts: "They have done nothing
but what thy hand and thy counsel had established." But beyond this, our
Lord Jesus at the same time consented and acquiesced in the sentence given
against him in our name; and behold how he laid down his soul.
Now the Prophet adds notably, "for sin." This word is applied to all
sacrifices, because he who had committed some offense, coming to ask
pardon, brought his sacrifice and discharged himself upon it — as if he
protested: Alas, my God, behold me guilty of death before thee, I am a
criminal; to bear the punishment due me would be impossible for me — it
would rather be a burden to overwhelm me entirely; but behold the remedy
— I ask thee for pardon by means of the sacrifice here offered thee. This is
why they were called "Sins" — namely, because the curse that men had
deserved, and under which they would have been utterly overwhelmed, was
as it were discharged and laid upon a calf or a sheep, or whatever was
offered. Now all this was done in figure under the Law. Thus, our Lord
Jesus Christ is called Sin, in that he suffered our curse, so that we might be
blessed by God his Father. And let us not think that this derogates from his
majesty — rather he deserves all the more to be magnified by us — as St.
Paul also speaks of it in his second Epistle to the Corinthians, saying that he
who knew no sin was made sin for us, so that we might be made the
righteousness of God in him. There is no doubt that St. Paul there meant to
declare the fruit of the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, as is
shown us here by the Prophet. Behold, then, Jesus Christ, who is innocent,
without spot or blemish. Since this is so, he must indeed have borne
another's burden. Now he bore it in such a way that he was made sin — that
is, he sustained our curse. And how? So that now we might have
righteousness to answer before God. For the obedience of our Lord Jesus
Christ is like a cloak that covers all our iniquities; and then his blood is our
purging, when we are plunged into it, and are sprinkled with it by the Holy
Spirit, as St. Peter speaks of it.
We see, then, now what is contained here. And behold again how, in order
to detest our vices and to have horror of ourselves, we must think on what
the Son of God endured; for it is so strange a thing that we ought to be
ravished by it — that he who is the fountain of all righteousness was made
sin; that he who is blessed, and who sanctifies all things, even to the Angels
of paradise, was made a curse. When one speaks thus, we find this thing
hard and strange, and yet we do not have the sense and prudence to apply it
to our own instruction. For since the Son of God went so far, could we have
found a remedy anywhere else? It is certain that no; and we can easily judge
that there was no man, no Angel, nothing whatsoever that could rescue us,
but that we needed to have our refuge in the Son of God. And all the more
execrable was that devil (who has been executed here) — Servetus: for he
falsified and polluted the Bible, in saying that all this was prophesied of
Cyrus, a pagan, an idolater; and he stripped our Lord Jesus Christ of what is
so properly his own, when, as Isaiah had painted this as it were in a picture,
the moment Jesus Christ was crucified, things could not have been clearer,
more plain. And this devil went to such an enormity that he stripped our
Lord Jesus Christ of all his dignity and office, and said it was a pagan who
suffered for the people — indeed, that through his ambition he fought, and
through his avarice, and that for that he received his wages. But this is a
terrible falsification of this beautiful Prophecy; and indeed, that sense which
this wretch invented was never conceived by any living creature. For
although there have been many heretics who have gone astray in perverting
the doctrine of holy Scripture, nevertheless they never went so far. But it
was necessary that every sign of reprobation should be in this unhappy
creature. Thus, all the more must we note well, when the Prophet brings us
back to our Lord Jesus Christ, that it is so (firstly) that we might be
confounded in ourselves, and then that we might magnify the inestimable
goodness of our God, in that he willed that his only Son should be ordained
as sin for us; and that our Lord Jesus Christ did not refuse this, but, as one
forgetting himself, had such care for our salvation that he was willing to
descend to the very depths of horror, in order to sustain all our curse.
Now from this we must also retain that there is no other means of being
acquitted before God, save that the satisfaction of the sacrifice, which was
offered once for us, should come forward. It is true that the world always
wants to invent I know not what to pay God (as we have already said
above), and we see this well enough among the Papists, who have many
petty trifles to appease the wrath of God. And indeed, they say we cannot be
absolved without satisfaction, for even though God, by his free goodness,
remits our guilt, the punishment nonetheless remains, and is retained, until
each one has acquitted himself. And behold on what purgatory is founded
— for since we cannot satisfy in our lifetime, and there always remains
some remainder or arrears, we must, they say, bear the pain outside of this
world, and it must serve to pay God. Behold the lies and dreams of Satan,
by which the poor world has been seduced. All the more, then, must we
note well this doctrine — namely, that just as under the Law God had not
said, "You shall serve me in such a manner and such as seems good to you,"
but had appointed sacrifices and ordained the ceremonies contained in the
Law, and one had to abide there without inventing some new service or
means to acquire grace — so likewise today we must content ourselves with
the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, knowing that it is the sole
means by which God will be gracious and favourable to us, and by which
also we shall be received and adopted by him. This, then, is notably what
the Prophet meant to express.
Now he says that he shall prolong his days, and that he shall see a lasting
age, and that the will (or the good pleasure) of God shall prosper in his
hand. He brings us back again to the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, so that
we might be all the more assured that we can come to him: for had he
remained in death as one vanquished, we could not be justified and vivified
by his grace. How would death of itself bring righteousness, if it stood
alone? And how also would it bring life? But since, with the sacrifice of his
death, there is the resurrection, then we have full confidence. We see how
victory has been acquired for us over sin, that we might be reputed
righteous; and death is as it were abolished in us, so that life may reign
there. It is true that this refers first to the person of the Son of God, as we
have already declared, that he died according to the infirmity of his flesh,
but the heavenly power of his Holy Spirit was shown in his resurrection —
as also he gave this testimony: "Destroy this temple, and I will rebuild it in
three days." Thus, behold how the Son of God, as to his person, saw a great
age; for he was not raised merely to show himself to the world for a little
time and to die again, but, after having manifested himself to his disciples,
after having made them witnesses of his resurrection, he ascended into
heaven, and was exempted from the frailty of the human condition. This,
then, is how we may found our confidence in him, seeing that he has all
lordship over death, and that he has even conquered the devil, and
triumphed over him — indeed to such a degree that, after having offered
himself in sacrifice, he was received and exalted to this power and empire,
of which we have made mention above.
Now meanwhile we must also note that all this belongs to the whole body
of the Church, for Jesus Christ does not wish to be separated from it. And
indeed, it is said that he shall have seed. It is true that we are called brothers
of Jesus Christ, for we cannot be children of God on any other title. He who
is beloved and only must receive us, and must join us so fully to himself
that by adoption we have what he alone has by nature; but this does not
prevent us from being, meanwhile, as children begotten of his seed. For
what is the true seed of the Church? It is true that it is the Word of the
Gospel, as St. Peter shows. And indeed it is here that is verified what we
have already seen in the fortieth chapter, that the Word of God abides
eternally, because by it we are made incorruptible, when the Word of God
profits in us, as it is given us by the Holy Spirit. Behold, then, the seed by
which we are regenerated to heavenly life. But we must still come to our
Lord Jesus Christ. For how does the Gospel have this office and property of
begetting us as children of God? It is because the blood of our Lord Jesus
Christ was a true seed to give us life.
Thus, not without cause it is said here that he shall see an age of long
duration. And so we must again conclude that the good our Lord obtained in
his resurrection was not for himself in private, but that it was to make us
partakers of it, and to call us into his company, since we are members of his
body. Now meanwhile we are admonished not to seek even a single drop of
life in ourselves, but to take it wholly from our Lord Jesus Christ. How,
then, shall it be that God will recognise us as his children? How shall we
have a place in the Church? How shall we be reckoned of his flock? We
must come back to this: that we communicate with our Lord Jesus. Behold
how God accepts us to himself, behold our birth, behold our first origin. Let
men now go boast of their free will, by which they imagine themselves
prepared to receive the grace of God. For he who is not yet formed in his
mother's womb, what industry can he have to make himself of value? Let
us know, then, since our principle, and our first creation, is that we be
begotten in Jesus Christ, that we can do nothing, and that nothing proceeds
from our own power, but that we have everything from the free goodness
that is communicated to us in him. Behold, in sum, what we must retain.
And meanwhile also, so that we may take a still better relish for his death
and passion, it is said, because he laid down his soul for sin (that is, for
satisfaction or for sacrifice), that he shall see his seed. For we show well
enough that we wish to efface all hope of salvation, if we do not magnify
the goodness of God in the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. And
indeed, those who through pride disdain to rest upon Jesus Christ because
he was crucified, show well that they do not know the purpose of it: for
without this, what would we be? There would be no Church in the world,
there would be no salvation; in short, there would be no hope of good; we
would be all confounded, all lost and damned without any remedy, except
that Jesus Christ laid down his soul and thereby acquired us. And this is also
why Scripture so often shows us that we have been purchased at a very dear
price. Behold, then, what we must retain.
Now he says (finally) that the good pleasure of God shall prosper in his
hand. The word the Prophet uses signifies a human will and a free favour;
for it would not be enough for our Lord Jesus merely to execute the will of
God, but it must be a will of love, in testimony of his fatherly affection.
Moses well executed the will of God in publishing the Law; and yet behold
the thunders and lightnings that terrify everyone — there is nothing but
threats of death. And why? Because the Law could bring nothing but wrath.
Men needed to feel there a horrible condemnation, and to be terrified. But
there is another will of God, which was declared in Jesus Christ — that he
willed to receive us to himself in his pity, and willed to abolish our sins, and
to acquit us of the damnation in which we were. This, then, as to the
property of this word which the Prophet uses here, when he says the good
pleasure of God shall prosper.
Now there follows further "in his hand," which signifies that Jesus Christ
must be minister and dispenser of the grace of God for our salvation. It is
true that God could well have rescued us from death by another means; but
he did not will it, nor was it good so; wherefore he established our Lord
Jesus Christ, so that by him we should be redeemed and reconciled — in
short, that by him we should obtain what is required for our salvation.
Let us now come to gather the sum of this statement. It is said that the
good pleasure and the free favour of God shall prosper in the hand of Jesus
Christ. And why does the Prophet speak thus? Because we are inclined to
distrust, and also because we have many obstacles that make us lose heart,
the Holy Spirit comes forward and declares to us that, whatever happens,
the grace of God will come to its effect and will be accomplished. However
much, then, the devil schemes to prevent the death and passion of our Lord
Jesus Christ from profiting us, and from producing its fruit in us; however
much, on our part, we are so malicious and perverse as to turn away from it,
so that it seems we would wish to make it useless — nevertheless God will
overcome by his infinite goodness. In sum, the Prophet meant to say in this
passage that not only was the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ
sufficient for the salvation of the world, but that God will make it prevail,
and that we shall see its fruit, and shall feel it and even experience it. From
this we must gather that there is always a Church in the world, and that the
devil may well scheme and make every effort to overthrow the building of
God, but whatever happens, Jesus Christ must prevail, and the grace of
which he was minister and dispenser must profit and be fulfilled among
men. And this is what is said in Psalm 2: "Why do the kings of the earth rise
up? And why have they made plots with the peoples?" Nevertheless, God
must in the end carry out his counsel. It is true they will scheme much, but
he who dwells in heaven will laugh at them until he displays his arm in his
wrath. Thus, let us note well that here the Holy Spirit has meant to assure us
that the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ will always have its
efficacy, so that the Church of God may endure, and never be ruined by the
assaults, storms, and whirlwinds that its enemies may raise against it with
their chief, Satan. And even this word "prosperity" is used to show that God
will make the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ flourish, so that it
may bear fruit more and more; and when it seems altogether annihilated,
that God will raise it up again, and overcome all that might hinder it from
reaching its goal.
And furthermore, we ought also to apply this to each one of us, and not
doubt that although we drag our wings and are still held captive under sin,
God will nevertheless deliver us from the captivity in which we are, will
complete what he has begun in us, and will correct what is still lacking. And
how? We must come to our Lord Jesus Christ, for it is he who puts his hand
to it, as the charge is committed to him, and he has received this office from
God his Father. Let us be content, then, that since he is ordained minister of
our salvation, there will be no failure that he will not accomplish by his
means, since it is thus determined. Now meanwhile let us apply to what St.
Paul adds in the passage we have cited, what is shown here, so that we may
be partakers of the fruit of the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ —
that is, to listen to the message that is daily brought to us. For it would not
suffice that Jesus Christ had suffered in his own person, and that he was
made sacrifice for us; but we must be certified of it by the Gospel — that
we receive this testimony, and do not doubt that we have righteousness in
him, knowing that he has made satisfaction for our offences. And that upon
this we should wait for God to continue his work through this Redeemer,
and to continue it in such a way that it be increased more and more, until he
has brought it to its end and its issue.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
SIXTH SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
11. He shall see the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his
knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their
iniquities.
***
Although the Prophet has added this statement to confirm what he had
already said — namely, that the death of the Son of God would not be
useless, but would produce an excellent fruit for the salvation of the world
— nevertheless he expresses more than he had before; for firstly he shows
us the love our Lord Jesus has borne us, saying that he shall be satisfied
because he will have acquired us eternal life by his death; and then secondly
he shows that he would suffer not only in his body but also in his soul. We
know that this word "to be satisfied" or "content" carries with it great
desire. For many things will happen that will not touch us at all; even
though they be to our profit, this does not mean we shall rest in them fully.
A man may have many things, and yet not hold himself content, for perhaps
he does not have the chief thing, or does not have the whole. But the
Prophet shows that the Son of God will be fully content, having no regard
for himself, when he sees that his Church is acquired for him, and that poor
sinners are drawn out of the curse in which they were, so as to be reconciled
to God and to obtain the inheritance of heaven. In short, we see here how
our Lord Jesus had no regard for his own person, but was ravished by the
love he bore us, so as to seek there all his contentment, as if he had no other
desire, affection, or care.
Now here again we must note that, provided we seek by faith the good
acquired for us in our Lord Jesus Christ, and which is daily offered us by
the Gospel, we shall not be frustrated of our hope. For the Prophet says "he
shall see," to express that not only has God willed to declare his mercy to us
in the person of his Son, when he exposed him to death for us, but that he
will bring it about by his Holy Spirit that this death shall not be without
fruit, and that many shall see that it was not without cause or in vain that he
endured so much, and shall know it by experience. Let us, then, give entry
to our Lord Jesus Christ, so that he may make us partakers of the fruit of his
death and passion, approaching him by faith; and let us not doubt that when
we thus open our hearts, God will add this benefit besides — that just as he
willed his Son to be our Redeemer, so too we shall truly enjoy the good he
has brought us, and shall know that it is not a vain thing that he endured so
much for us. Behold, then, what we must retain from this passage.
As for the second point we proposed, it is shown here that not only was
Jesus Christ to be beaten, struck, and afflicted by the hand of his Father, to
bear the chastisement we had deserved, but that he was also to be anguished
in his soul. It is not said here merely that he shall see the fruit of his stripes,
of his affliction, and of his death, as the Prophet had spoken before, but of
the travail and the distress of his soul. For the word he uses carries this
meaning. He means, then, to express that Jesus Christ was not only
crucified, after having endured great torments in his body, but that he had to
go further still — namely, that he would be in sorrow for us, and would
sustain the sorrows of death, and would be subjected even to that, in order
to justify us. And indeed, what would it be if our Lord Jesus had suffered
only in appearance, and only before men? For if he had suffered only in his
body, he would be Redeemer of bodies only. But since the chief thing we
must hope of him is that we should feel and be persuaded that death is no
longer mortal to us, and that we are freed from the curse of God, it was
necessary that our Lord Jesus should feel these very points in himself, and
that, coming before God, he should be there like a poor malefactor before
his judge. We know that the sin of man carries with it not merely a temporal
death, which is the separation of body from soul, but the sense that God is
against us, the horror of his judgment. And what is that? A thing more
unbearable and horrible than anything else. It was necessary, then, that our
Lord Jesus should come to this point in order to deliver us; and this is what
the Prophet now declares. And here we see all the more how much God has
loved us, and what are the treasures of his grace and infinite goodness that
he has displayed toward us; and we may well recognise also what solicitude
and what zeal our Lord Jesus Christ had for our salvation, when he did not
spare himself, and willed not only that his body should answer for the
satisfaction of our sins, but that he himself should be terrified, as one who
was to feel the judgment of God, and who apprehended what that curse God
pronounces with his mouth deserves — namely, that it is to swallow us up
in hell, that it is an abyss to overwhelm us entirely. It was necessary, then,
that Jesus Christ should feel this. And indeed, when we see that he sweated
blood and water because of it, that Angels had to descend to comfort him,
we must indeed say that this sorrow was extreme, since never was there a
like example in the world.
Behold, then, what is signified by this word "travail" or "distress" of the
soul of our Lord Jesus Christ. Now it is true (as St. Peter says) that he could
not be held by the sorrows of hell, but he had to do battle against them; he
had the victory, but it was not without great and difficult combat.
Furthermore, now we must gather from this passage that although we must
die, this does not mean that the death of our Lord Jesus Christ does not have
its effect, and does not profit us as much as is expedient for us; for the death
to which we are now subject is but a reminder of the curse of God. If we
were altogether exempted from dying, we would not know the grace
acquired for us by our Lord Jesus Christ. And we know how much need we
have to be humbled, and that God should always make us feel his wrath; for
even though he wishes to exempt us from it, we must still think on it, so as
to groan because of our sins and all the more magnify his mercy. Thus, the
death now common to all men is not, properly speaking, mortal, as regards
those who have faith in Jesus Christ, for they only pass from this world in
order to live unto God. Let us know, then, that in dying we have something
to console ourselves with, knowing that God will be favourable to us, and
will turn this evil into good, and will make death (which before carried a
mortal wound) serve as it were as medicine. And how? Because we do not
apprehend that God wishes to be our judge in all rigour, and to display his
vengeance against us, when we have Jesus Christ in the midst who shows
that he has satisfied for us. There is not, then, that horrible apprehension in
death which used to confound us, even to plunge us into despair — but we
come freely to commit ourselves into the hands of God. For as it is said that
Jesus Christ commended his Spirit to God his Father, let us know that this
was to constitute himself guardian of our souls; and therefore, we may
safely commit them into his hand, for he has protested that nothing shall
perish of all that has been given him. Behold, then, of what use to us is it
that our Lord Jesus was thus anguished, and that besides enduring death and
other torments, he also had this terror of feeling God as his judge, as if he
must endure the sorrows of hell.
Now far from this derogating from the majesty of the Son of God, it is
rather so that we might know all the better how much he prized our
salvation, and how dear we and our souls were to him. However much,
then, he was annihilated (as we have seen above), however much he had
neither form nor figure to be desired among men, nevertheless this very
annihilation was to exalt him all the more. And indeed, although God has
shown his loftiness and his infinite majesty in the creation of the world,
nevertheless in the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ we have a
fuller argument for glorifying God, since for us and for our salvation Jesus
Christ abased and lowered himself; and although he did not strip himself of
his divine majesty, it was nevertheless hidden for a time, and was not
perceived among men. This is, in sum, what the Prophet treats here,
regarding how our Lord Jesus was anguished. Now in this we see that he
forgot himself, as it were, and had no regard for himself. And the reason is
that he was wholly devoted to our salvation; and thus he answered for us
both in body and in soul, and was wholly our surety. And in this we see that
the wretches who today would abolish this doctrine are without religion and
without faith, like mastiff dogs that bark and know not why. The hypocrites
of the Papacy, though they do not understand this except in part, are
compelled to confess, whatever else, that Jesus Christ felt terrible horrors. It
is true they cannot define fully what these were, but whatever the case, they
babble of them.
But here there are villains more monkish than those who dwell in the
depths of those caves and brothels from which they have come, who have
brought their stench and their infection into the Church of God. It is, then,
certain that these wretches, who today bear the name of ministers, and even
occupy the place, and yet make of the Church of God a pigsty, are dogs who
have no religion, and who seek only to extinguish and efface from the
memory of men all the grace of God, and what our Lord Jesus has done for
us.
Now when we see Satan thus driving them, and that they are as brazen as
harlots, all the more must we hold fast to this article of faith — that not only
was Jesus Christ condemned by Pilate, an earthly judge, so that we might be
absolved before God his Father; not only was he crucified, so that we might
be delivered from the curse; not only did he endure death, so that we might
be set free from it — but also so that today we might have peace in our
consciences, and might rejoice, feeling the fatherly love of our God, and
might call upon him with full mouth, being assured that he will receive us,
and that we shall be pleasing to him. It was necessary that Jesus Christ
should be plunged into these horrors that he felt, that he should be as a poor
malefactor — he who was the Lamb of God without blemish, who was the
mirror and pattern of all holiness and perfection — that he should have
answered and been our surety even to that point, as if he must be
condemned to the depths of hell. Furthermore (as we have already said) he
overcame and surmounted those sorrows, but he had first to fight. Behold,
then, what Isaiah meant, saying that Jesus Christ would have anguishes in
his soul; but we see that he was nonetheless content, provided that we were
redeemed by this means. And today we must all the more take courage,
knowing that if we have true obedience of faith to receive the inestimable
good acquired for us by our Lord Jesus Christ, we shall feel that it is not in
vain that he suffered so much for us. And all the less excusable will be our
ingratitude, if we do not come with burning zeal to him, so as to enjoy this
inestimable good into which he has entered, and of which he has taken
possession in our name, when he declares to us that he has reconciled us to
God his Father, and that he is ready to receive us as his children. Behold, in
sum, what we must retain from this passage.
Now the Prophet adds that he shall justify many by his knowledge —
indeed, my righteous Servant, he says. As for the word "Servant," we have
seen above that this does not derogate from the majesty of our Lord Jesus
Christ; for although he was master of all creatures, nevertheless he acquired
yet a new empire in the person of Mediator, and in our nature, according to
what St. Paul treats in the second chapter of Philippians, and we have
already partly seen it: yet he willed to make himself a servant and to
humble himself under this condition. Thus, it is not in vain that he is called
servant of God. And we ought not to find this strange, for it is far stranger
that Jesus Christ should be servant of men — the Son of God, he who had
equal glory with his Father (as it is spoken of in the seventeenth chapter of
St. John) — that he should abase himself to this condition of wishing to
serve us; nevertheless, it is so. And this is also why he says: "I am among
you, and converse among you, as one who serves, not as one who has
mastery." Now since Jesus Christ descended so far as to make himself
servant of men, it is not without cause that he is here called servant of God.
And indeed, he could not otherwise redeem us — I mean, according to the
decree of God his Father, as we have already declared above. For without
any means God could well have saved us, but we must always presuppose
that it was necessary for life to be acquired for us by Jesus Christ. Now to
do this, he had at the same time to be a servant, for he could not otherwise
render obedience to God his Father; and without that obedience he could
not repair our transgressions and iniquities. Behold, then, why he is notably
called Servant, and indeed righteous.
In short, the Prophet signifies that, since we have been rebels against God,
and are still, until he has reformed us by his Holy Spirit — and even after
he has touched us with a good disposition, we are unprofitable servants, and
stumble at every step, and even when it seems the service we render him
ought indeed to be accepted by him, there will always be something to find
fault with, indeed it deserves to be rejected — it was necessary, in order to
efface our defects, that the service and obedience of our Lord Jesus Christ
should be pleasing to God — as it also carries with it a proper satisfaction.
This, in sum, is what he meant to say. And from this we must gather that
Jesus Christ has justified us, not merely inasmuch as he was God, but by the
power of his obedience, in that he took our nature, and in it willed to fulfil
the Law which was impossible for us and was a burden to crush us all and
break our necks. In that, then, our Lord Jesus Christ humbled himself for
our salvation, and was obedient to God his Father, behold how we are
justified by him.
Now he speaks notably also of "knowledge," to express that it is not
enough that our Lord Jesus should have accomplished in his person all that
was necessary for our salvation, but that we must apprehend it by faith.
There is, then, the knowledge required. For how many unbelievers do we
see perish, to whom the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ serves
only for their greater condemnation, because they trample his sacred blood
underfoot and reject the grace offered them? Thus, although our Lord Jesus
Christ is like the serpent that was lifted up on high in the desert, to give
healing to all the sick, nevertheless on our part we can have no profit from
him except by knowledge of him. For as it was necessary also for the
brazen serpent to be looked upon in the desert, and without this look, the
bite of the serpents was always mortal, so today the Gospel is to us like a
scaffold, so as to lift up our Lord Jesus Christ — or rather it is like a banner,
to represent him to us before our very eyes, and to make us look upon him
from afar. In short, there is no obscurity (as St. Paul says) when the Gospel
is preached; there one contemplates the grace of God that appears in our
Lord Jesus Christ; otherwise, one must have one's eyes bound by Satan.
Whatever the case, we must note well what is said here — that Jesus Christ
justifies only by his knowledge. It is indeed true that the substance of our
salvation must precede; for when it is said that we are righteous by faith,
this is not to exclude Jesus Christ, nor to exclude the mercy of God, but
rather it is to lead and conduct us to it.
But to have an even easier understanding of all this, we must note first
that we are not righteous in ourselves, since we must borrow our
righteousness from elsewhere; for if we could so order our life that in every
respect it corresponded to the Law and the will of God, we would then
deserve to be accepted by him. And why? He must indeed acknowledge the
good, since he is the fountain of it — otherwise he would deny himself. If,
then, we could conform our life to the Law of God, and have such
perfection as he demands, it is certain we would be righteous by our own
works, and then Jesus Christ would be useless to us — as St. Paul also
disputes. Thus, on the contrary, when we are compelled to borrow our
righteousness from our Lord Jesus Christ, and to seek it there, this means
we are destitute of it ourselves. Let us conclude, then, that the whole world
is condemned of sin, and that God shows us that there is in us nothing but
curse, when it is said that we must come to Jesus Christ. This for one point.
Now it is true that the ancient Philosophers have spoken much of virtue; it
was also a common opinion that one must be agreeable to God by living
well — but what has all that profited? For the best among men, and those
thought altogether irreproachable, have had nothing but hypocrisy, and
others have been given over to every evil; and those thought the ablest and
most renowned above others have nevertheless had enormous vices. Thus,
let men presume as much as they wish, and think however they like about
living virtuously; when they have done all they could, and when many laws
and rules have been laid down to guide them, they will nevertheless never
by that means be righteous before God. And why? Because sin is rooted in
us, and cannot be purged by human remedies. In short, we shall not be
justified by going to school to men, however much they teach virtue.
Moreover, behold God publishing his Law, in which true and perfect
righteousness is contained — as Moses protests: "Behold, I declare to thee
today good and evil; I show thee the way of life and of death." But can it
justify us in the meantime? Can it so rule us that God accepts our life as
good and holy? On the contrary — for the Law engenders nothing but
death; it doubles our condemnation; it inflames the wrath of God. These are
the titles attributed to it in holy Scripture.
Since this is so, then, that the Law of itself cannot justify us, how can
men, by their doctrine, and by their statutes and rules, bring us to true
righteousness? Now if one asks how the Law of God cannot justify, and
why — the reason is the one I have already touched on. It is true that God
shows us well enough in his Law how we might and could attain to life, if
we were such that we had no hindrance on our own part. The Law of God,
then, speaks, but it does not reform our hearts. When God shows us, "This
is what I require of you," yet if all our appetites, our affections, and our
thoughts are contrary to what he commands, not only are we condemned,
but the Law, as I have said, renders us all the more guilty before God. For
beforehand we would have sinned through ignorance; but now, knowingly,
we resist God, so that it seems we wish to defy him. For we know that the
servant who knows the will of his master and does it not shall be beaten
with a double stripe. This is why it is said that the Law engenders nothing
but wrath — that is, that it inflames the wrath of God still more against us,
when we have been taught by it. It brings us death, and how? Because there
we contemplate that we are altogether damned and lost. And does it not
announce life at all? No — but we cannot attain to it meanwhile. There
must, then, be another way of being justified — and that is in the Gospel.
For in the Gospel God does not say, "Behold, you shall do this and that,"
but, "Believe that my only Son is your Redeemer; embrace his death and
passion as the remedy for all your maladies; plunge yourself into his blood,
and it will be your purging, you shall be cleansed by it; rest upon the
sacrifice he has offered me, and behold how you shall be righteous."
Since, then, the Gospel brings us back to our Lord Jesus Christ, and
commands us to seek in him all righteousness, because by the free mercy of
God he has satisfied for us — behold how we shall be justified by
knowledge of him. And this is what St. Paul treats in the tenth chapter of
Romans; for there he makes a comparison of two righteousnesses, the one
of the Law, the other of faith. He says that the Law indeed has
righteousness — indeed when it says, "He who shall do these things shall
live in them." For it is true that if we could fulfil all the commandments of
God, and our life were so well ordered that there was neither vice nor
blemish in it, God has promised us that he would accept us as righteous,
that the reward would be entirely assured, and that we would not be
frustrated of it. Behold, then, a certain thing as to the righteousness of the
Law; but meanwhile, who does what the Law commands? We go quite the
opposite way, and it seems (as I have already said) that we wish to defy
God. Behold, then, the door shut to us as regards the righteousness of the
Law, and there remains for us nothing but the curse of God. But in the
Gospel it is said, "Behold, the Word is in thy heart and in thy mouth." How
so? St. Paul, speaking thus, shows us that in order to have the Word in our
heart and in our mouth, we must come to Jesus Christ; for it is he who
writes by his Holy Spirit and engraves the doctrine of salvation, of which
we would otherwise merely have had our ears struck, in vain and without
any profit. Since, then, our Lord Jesus Christ places his word in the heart,
let us pray him to grant us the grace to have a pure and sincere affection, so
as to seek in him all that we lack. Behold how we shall be justified by
knowledge of him — for it is not a matter of bringing some satisfaction that
would content God; it is not a matter of coming to account, to say, "Lord,
we have deserved that thou shouldst receive us"; but rather, "We confess
that we are poor sinners, that we are subject to thy judgment, that it is
impossible to satisfy it on our part, and that only Jesus Christ ought to be
recognised as sufficient to satisfy it." Let us confess this, then, with all
humility; let us admit that we are lost creatures, brought to nothing, until
our Lord Jesus stretches out his hand to draw us from the abysses and
depths of hell. Now, have we confessed this? Let us also recognise that our
Lord Jesus supplies all our defects. If we are soiled and full of filth, his
blood is our washing, by which we shall be cleansed; if we are plunged in
debts, not only to God but to Satan as our adversary, the payment has been
made in the death and passion of the Son of God; if we are polluted and
detestable, the sacrifice that our Lord Jesus offered is of a sweet savour, so
that all the evil that is in us is effaced. Behold, then, how we are justified by
the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Now following this doctrine, firstly we see that we must not seek our
righteousness far off, since we shall find it in the person of our Lord Jesus
Christ, in that he clothed himself with our nature and made himself our
brother. And this is of great importance, because if we were justified by the
divine essence of our Lord Jesus Christ, we would have to be far removed
from his righteousness, and could never attain to it. But when it is said that
the righteousness he gives us was accomplished in his human nature,
behold how we can come to him more intimately. And this is also why
Satan has wished to confuse this doctrine, and there have been fanatics who
have dreamed that our Lord Jesus justifies his faithful inasmuch as he is
God. But this would require (as I have already said) that we seek our
righteousness far off, and this would serve to make us lose courage and to
make us faint before we had come to him. But on the contrary, he calls us to
himself, in that he made himself a mortal man, and constituted himself
Mediator, so that there we might seek our righteousness.
Thus, behold one point we must observe; and for the rest let us always
come to this knowledge. And since unbelievers shut the door on themselves,
and deprive themselves of the good they ought to receive by our Lord Jesus
Christ, let us have our ears attentive to receive the testimony given us in the
Gospel. And this is what St. Paul says in the passage we cited yesterday:
that Jesus Christ, who knew no sin, was made sin for us, and that today this
is accomplished in the Gospel. "We carry the embassy in the name of Jesus
Christ" (says St. Paul), "beseeching you that you be reconciled to God." St.
Paul places there a double reconciliation. The one is that which was made in
the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, when he was sacrificed for us. The
other is that which we obtain each day by faith, when God declares to us
that if we have angered him, he is always ready to forget all our faults, and
to put them under his feet, provided that we accept the good he offers us.
Let us learn, then, to prize the knowledge of the Gospel better than we do,
and to recognise that it is to make us partakers of the death and passion of
our Lord Jesus Christ. For we are grafted into his body, we are made his
members, and all that he has is made common to us, and is made proper to
us by the Gospel; and this is also why St. Paul says that the Gospel is the
power of God unto salvation for all believers — showing thereby that if we
refuse to be saved by the Gospel, it is as if we rejected the salvation God
willed to acquire for us in the person of his Son, and to which he daily
invites and exhorts us. Behold, in sum, what we must observe.
Now all the more must we prize the Gospel, when we see that in the
Papacy this has been obscured, indeed altogether effaced, so that poor souls
remain always famished. For although preaching there is done after a
fashion, nevertheless poor people are always left in doubt and in scruple;
one is never certified that God is gracious. And the Papists even say it
would be presumption if we were assured of the love of God, and that we
must have of it only some conjecture. But this is to annihilate the fruit of
the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. Let us learn, then, to profit
so thoroughly by the Gospel that we may be certified that God loves us, and
accepts us as his own children. And therefore (as I have already said) let us
prize and magnify this grace all the more, when we see that most of the
world is so far removed from it.
Now there remains also what the Prophet adds, that he laid down his soul
for many. By this he signifies that we are not justified by faith through
having some vain imagination merely to believe that there is a God, and to
know in a confused way and by a general apprehension that Jesus Christ
suffered death and passion — but rather that by faith we are made partakers
of the sacrifice that was offered, so that God might be favourable to us, and
no longer impute our faults and iniquities to us. The Papists are so dull and
brutish that when they wish to show we are not justified by faith alone, they
argue: We are justified by the mercy of God — therefore it is not by faith
alone; then, We are justified by the death and passion of our Lord Jesus
Christ — therefore it is no longer by faith alone; as one who would say, We
are warmed by heat, therefore it is not by the sun; we are illumined by light,
therefore it is not by the sun. Now let us note that when faith is spoken of, it
is to bring us back to the Gospel; for (as I have said) there are two kinds of
righteousness here. By the Law it is said that we shall be righteous when we
have fulfilled all that God commands us there. Now it is impossible to
attain to it — we are, then, stripped of this righteousness; we are altogether
cut off from it. There is the other righteousness, namely that which we find
in Jesus Christ, when, having well examined ourselves, we are convicted of
our malice, and have nothing but dread, since we feel that God is armed in
vengeance against us, so that nothing remains but for him to strike us down
and overwhelm us. When, then, we have come to this point, and to so great
an extremity, behold Jesus Christ, who gives us the remedy to soften all our
sorrows — namely, that he certifies to us that he alone will suffice for us to
attain the salvation he has acquired for us. Behold how we are justified by
faith.
We see, then, that the Prophet speaks in exactly the same way as St. Paul
spoke after him. It is that firstly we must come to the death and passion of
our Lord Jesus Christ, and contemplate him there crucified for us; and then,
that by the Gospel we may be assured that what Jesus Christ did and
suffered belongs to us today, and is applied to us, since the Father does not
wish that this death should have been useless, but that it should be a
sacrifice of full power and effect, which bears fruit daily in us. Behold, in
sum, what we must retain from this passage.
Meanwhile let us note that this knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ is not
an idle thing — as many, when told of the knowledge of the Gospel,
understand it to mean that it is enough to conceive by some fleeting thought
what is taught; but it is that we hold our Lord Jesus Christ for the sole cause
of our salvation. Which cannot be done unless we feel to the quick that we
are lost in ourselves, and then that God, according as he once willed to
receive us into mercy, today makes this prevail in us. And indeed, it is
impossible for us to attain to this knowledge unless we are illumined by the
Holy Spirit — which, when we have it, is already an infallible sign that God
wills to work in us, so as to put us in possession of his righteousness, from
which before we were far removed. Behold, then, God who will indeed
cause the Gospel to be preached; but this is not enough — we shall
understand nothing but gibberish (as one says) until we are touched within
by his Holy Spirit (behold whence faith proceeds); and then we are good
and true disciples of Jesus Christ, to feel the fruit of this doctrine. This is
what is shown us here by the Prophet.
Now he speaks again of how Jesus Christ bore the sins, to show that
satisfaction is in him, and that our sins would be a burden to overwhelm us
into the depths of hell, were we not relieved of it by our Lord Jesus Christ.
For what does sin carry with it, but the wrath of God? If God merely lifts
his finger, it is enough to destroy and ruin the whole world — as it is said
that at his mere breath the rocks melt, the mountains dissolve, and flow
away like wax. If, then, God gives the least sign of his fury and his wrath,
there is nothing so firm in the world that it does not melt away; and what
shall become of us, who are such fragile creatures, when God shows us a
rigorous face as Judge, and calls us to account? We shall not even need to
hear the voice of his mouth — merely the sign he gives to summon us will
be an abyss to swallow us up. Thus, our sins must indeed be an unbearable
burden to us. Now there is an infinite number of them in us, and we do not
have shoulders to sustain them and to remain standing beneath them. But as
for Jesus Christ, although he suffered in the weakness of his flesh, he was
always sustained by the power of the Spirit given him. And behold how he
made his triumphs even upon the cross, as St. Paul speaks of it to the
Colossians. Thus, we must always come back to what the Prophet says —
as also St. Peter is a good expositor of it in his first Canonical Epistle,
saying that on the tree he bore our sins. It is true that it was not the power of
the tree that helped our Lord Jesus Christ to bear our sins; but he says he
bore them on the tree, in that, being crucified, he was as one accursed of
God, and received all the curse in which we would have been plunged. He
received all this, then, so as to make us feel the fruit of it, and to make us
enjoy the victory of which today he has made us partakers. Thus, if we are
burdened within ourselves, let us come to Jesus Christ, so as to be relieved;
and let us recognise the means — namely, that we are acquitted by him of
all our debts, so that we must no longer imagine that we could bring any
satisfaction or payment when coming to account before God. We must,
then, always begin at this end — to be utterly confounded — and for the
rest, let us not doubt that we are now discharged, since our Lord Jesus has
borne our burden; and that we may hold our heads high, knowing that we
are freed from the judgment of God.
This, then, is in sum what we must retain here — that since we have once
been sanctified by the sacrifice Jesus Christ offered, when he dedicated
himself to the service of God, as he then protested — today we must
discharge our sins upon him, seeking in him full righteousness; and to do
this, that we should lend our ear to the Gospel, knowing that there God
invites us to himself with a gracious voice, and does not require of us what
would be impossible for us, and which could only lead us to despair — as it
was said by the Law, "Cursed be he who does not fulfil all these things"
(which was to exclude us altogether from salvation) — but that here it is
declared to us that if we are poor sinners, God applies to us the fitting
remedy — namely, that we be justified in our Lord Jesus Christ, coming
there like poor beggars, so as to be relieved in such want as we are in. And
furthermore, let us know, when our Lord is named "righteous," that this is
to show that he justifies us, in that he took our nature, so that we might have
private access to God to enjoy such a good; and let us not say, "Who shall
ascend above the clouds?" as St. Paul, citing this passage from Moses,
shows that when the Gospel is preached to us, we must no longer make long
discourses to know whether God is near us. For that would be to tear Jesus
Christ from his heavenly throne. Likewise let us no longer allege, "Who
shall descend into the abyss?" For Jesus Christ has descended there, so that
we might be assured he has drawn us out of it, and that now he still
performs the office of Mediator, and wills to make us so fully partakers of
his righteousness that he wills us to be clothed with it, to possess it, that it
should dwell in us, and that by it we should be raised up in full confidence
unto God his Father, so that we might invoke him without any doubt.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.
SEVENTH SERMON
saiah, Chapter LIII
12. Therefore, will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall
divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto
death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of
many, and made intercession for the transgressors.
***
The Prophet declares here, in sum, that our Lord Jesus not only conquered
death by dying, but also had the right to seize the substance of his enemies
and to take their spoil, as when a victory has been won, this too follows. It
is true that our Lord Jesus did not enrich himself with the goods of this
world; but nevertheless, it was to this end, as we have said, that he did
battle with death. We know that Satan, who is the prince of this world, had
to be cast out of his empire, for without that our condition would have been
more than miserable. It was also necessary that sin no longer hold sway.
Behold how our Lord Jesus has despoiled his enemies — namely, in that we
are no longer under the tyranny of Satan, nor under the servitude of sin, but
are set at liberty. And indeed St. Paul, citing what is said in the Psalm,
shows how this passage was fulfilled, when he says that God ascended on
high, and led captivity captive, that he held his enemies bound and fettered,
without any power to resist him, and that he received homage among men
with tribute. It is true that David there speaks by way of similitude, for
when he says that God ascended on high, it is because he had for some time
seemed to dissemble, and seemed as it were asleep, when things were so
confused that the faithful groaned without any help, while the wicked
disported themselves in every license. When, then, there are such troubles
in this world, and, though we invoke God, it does not seem we profit
anything, he is as it were cast down and hidden.
For this cause, on the contrary, when God has maintained the cause of his
Church, destroying its enemies, David says he has ascended. But St. Paul
shows that this was accomplished in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, in
that for a time his majesty had been obscured, and without any reputation
among men. It was necessary, then, he says, that he descends to the depths
of the earth, and be despised by men, so that in the end he might be so
exalted that he should not only receive simple homage from men, but
should also distribute spoils and tribute. For whereas it is said in the Psalm
that he took the tributes that belonged to him as to one who had subjected
his adversaries, St. Paul says that he has bestowed gifts among men. It
seems at first sight that these are contrary things, but they agree very well,
since our Lord Jesus was not enriched privately for himself, as he has need
of nothing, but it was so as to distribute the spoils to us — as it is also said
in the Psalm, that not only those who fought would have their portion of the
spoil, but also the women who had not stirred from the house. For indeed
we feel how God, by the death and passion of his only Son, has filled us
with his goods — not that there was any virtue or industry in us, for we are
less than women who spin at their distaffs while others are in combat.
When, then, it is said in this passage that God will give to Jesus Christ the
spoils of his enemies whom he has conquered, however strong and mighty
they might be, this is not merely for his own person, but is so that we may
know that the devil now has no right nor claim upon us, since we are made
partakers of the death and passion of the Son of God — which we obtain by
means of the Gospel. Let us, then, be subject to our Lord Jesus Christ, let us
acknowledge him as our King, and let this be done without feint; there is no
doubt that we shall obtain from him, firstly, liberty; and then the goods that
are necessary to us, and of which we are needy, unless we receive them
from his hand. Now let us consider whether, if Satan were not despoiled,
how miserable we would be, for he possesses us, he enjoys us peaceably —
as our Lord Jesus himself pronounces it; in short, we are as it were his own
possession and domain.
Thus, we have need that the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ
should produce its fruit in us, and that, our enemies being conquered, they
should at the same time be cast out — that Jesus Christ should hold as it
were his foot upon their throat, so that they can do nothing, however much
they scheme to do us any harm. It is notably spoken here of the strong and
mighty, so that we should not be dismayed by the strength, the munitions,
and all the equipment of our enemies; for it is enough to frighten us when
we look on the one hand at our own weakness, and know that the devil is
like a roaring lion, that sin has all dominion over us. This, I say, would
indeed be enough to dismay us, were it not that we have this testimony —
that there is no power, no fortress, nothing at all that hinders our Lord Jesus
from having the spoil of all his enemies, from driving them out and
depriving them so fully of what they had that even what was to our loss is
turned to our profit. And this is understood not only of Satan, the chief of
the wicked, but also of all our adversaries — as we see that as many
unbelievers as there are, so many are enemies to us, who are as it were
enraged against us; in short, we see the whole world against us. What would
it be, if Jesus Christ could not surmount all the mighty and the strong?
Thus, firstly, what we must retain from this passage is that Jesus Christ,
having ascended, not only held our enemies bound as captives, but also
took all their spoil; and we have received the gifts made to him in homage
— indeed so that we might be enriched by his liberality, since there is in us
nothing but poverty and neediness. Now it is notably said, "because he
poured out his soul unto death." In this again Isaiah expresses that our Lord
Jesus offered himself of his own free will, for this word "pour out" signifies
that he did not spare himself, that it was not done with reluctance. For he
who gives of his strength, though he releases his hand in the end, this does
not mean he always shows some stinginess in it; but he who pours out
shows that he does so with a free heart. Thus, we are shown that our Lord
Jesus was so inflamed with that love he bore us, that his life flowed away
like water; that he made a voluntary sacrifice, to show that he asked nothing
but to reconcile us to God his Father. And this is always to confirm us the
better, so that, coming to him, we might not doubt that we shall be received
with all humanity. For how would it be possible that he should reject us in
such a way that we would be as it were cut off from him, seeing that he thus
threw himself as it were headlong for us, and poured out his life? Hearing
this, then, we have occasion to come more freely to him, and to be assured
that today he will make this sacrifice, which he so freely offered to God his
Father, prevail — because of the infinite love he bore us.
Furthermore, since the fruit of the death and passion of our Lord Jesus is
perpetual, let us know that today we are enriched as much as is needed, as
indeed we experience; for our Lord Jesus must indeed succour us in the
many necessities that surround us. For what would we do otherwise, if he
did not always have his hand to sustain us? It would surely be impossible to
survive; but he gives us what is needed to remedy all our neediness. And
indeed all the graces of the Holy Spirit are a part of the spoil of our Lord
Jesus Christ, for God his Father has enriched him with them, since we were
as it were deprived of them, and the devil hindered the power of the Holy
Spirit from having its course among men; now we are enriched by it, since
all hindrances are removed, and even (as I have already said) what is
contrary in this world is turned to our profit and salvation, since our Lord
Jesus has despoiled all our enemies.
Now it is notably said that this was because he was reckoned among
sinners, and that he bore the iniquity of many and made intercession for the
transgressors. We have already seen how our Lord Jesus bore the
transgressions of many — that is, that he sustained the punishment that was
altogether unbearable for us; and we were also too fragile to stand before
God, if we had been charged with our sins, for no means of acquitting
ourselves of it could be found in the whole world. It was necessary, then,
that our Lord Jesus, to give us relief, should present himself in our place,
and be charged with all our offences — indeed, that they should be imputed
to him before God his Father, and that he should be held and bound to make
the payment of them. When a man merely owes what he cannot pay, he is as
it were bowed down; he does not know what to do, he has as it were a
burden that breaks him and makes his shoulders bend — and what shall it
be when we are debtors, not to a mortal creature, but to the living God? And
when it is not a matter of gold or silver, but of our offences, which deserve
his dreadful wrath, as Scripture shows? Behold, then, the judgment of
eternal death prepared for us all, until our Lord Jesus has discharged us of
it. And indeed, how shall we suffice for this, unless he who has a victorious
power above all things should come and place himself in our stead and
supply our deficiencies?
Behold, then, how our Lord Jesus bore the sins and iniquities of many. It
is true that this word "many" often carries the same weight as "all." And
indeed, our Lord Jesus was presented to the whole world, for it is not
spoken of three or four when it is said, "God so loved the world that he
spared not his only Son." But meanwhile we must note what the Gospel
adds in that passage: "so that whoever believes in him should not perish,
but have eternal life." Behold, then, how our Lord Jesus suffered for us all,
and there is neither great nor small who is not today inexcusable, since we
may obtain salvation in him. Unbelievers who turn away and deprive
themselves of it by their malice are today doubly guilty. For what pretext
will they have to excuse their ingratitude for not receiving the good of
which they might have been partakers by faith? Let us learn, then, that if we
come in a great crowd to our Lord Jesus Christ, the one shall not hinder the
other, but he will suffice for each of us. If it were a matter of finding relief
in a mortal man — if one asked, "I pray you to carry such a burden," and if
a second came, or if a hundred were to gather together, however great his
desire to relieve one and the other, he would nevertheless have to bend his
shoulders, for he does not have the power to bear all that might be laid upon
him. Likewise, if it were a matter of borrowing, when we are hungry and
thirsty, if we come and ask someone to give us food and drink, perhaps he
can well do so for a dozen; but if so great a crowd comes that all the
provisions run out, behold how he will be found wanting. Thus among men
we need to receive help and relief from many, when we come thus in a great
multitude; but when we come to Jesus Christ, we need not fear that his
power will fail, and that when each has had his portion, anything will be
diminished in him, so that others will not always find enough there. For the
more people there are who come to him, the richer we shall find him to
succour our neediness. Thus, we must note that it is not without cause the
Prophet says he bore the sins of many — namely, so that we should not
envy our neighbours, as if we were deprived because we were not
succoured, on account of there being too many others there. Behold, in sum,
what we must retain from this passage.
Furthermore, it is said that this is because Jesus Christ was reckoned
among the transgressors. Here we must note first that he had to be hanged
between two thieves, to suffer all the condemnation we had deserved, and
so that we might have a still more certain and infallible pledge that today
we are absolved before God the Father of all our sins and offences. And this
is why St. Mark cites this testimony of the Prophet, when he says that two
thieves were hanged with our Lord Jesus Christ — to show that he had to be
held as detestable, and so that one might see, as it were with the eye, how
he was placed in that rank with every ignominy, so that today we might be
exempted from the wrath of God, and from the punishment of the misdeeds
we had deserved; and so that, whereas we were plunged even to the depths
of hell, we might now be joined with the Angels of paradise, who are
wholly devoted to the service of God and accomplish all righteousness. We
have, then, all this good, since our Lord Jesus Christ was willing to take our
place, and came to place himself among the malefactors, so as to have every
reputation of ignominy among men.
Behold, then, how the reproach of our Lord Jesus Christ lifts us on high,
so that we might be exempted from all condemnation, and that sin might no
longer be imputed to us. In what does our salvation lie, save that our sins be
covered and abolished? Now we cannot obtain this by any other means,
save in that the Son of God is our redemption, as St. Paul speaks of it —
that is, that he was the price and the payment of what we owed, so that now
we might be quit and absolved. Thus, it is not without cause that the
Prophet joins these two things together, and always shows us, as before,
that we have reason to glorify our Lord Jesus Christ, in that he exposed
himself to all reproach, seeing the fruit we receive from it. For if our Lord
Jesus Christ had done this merely to show a sign of humility, this would be
too thin a thing; but it is so that we might find in him what we lack, and that
it might be the remedy for what might burden us. When, then, we are thus
reconciled to God, and obtain righteousness, and the remission of our sins is
fully assured to us, behold how we no longer have any horror of coming to
our Lord Jesus Christ, however much his having been crucified carries with
it, at first sight, some shame according to the world; but we see that he did
not fail to make his triumphs over Satan and over sin — indeed, so fully,
that he has acquired righteousness for us, and has effaced the bond that
stood against us, in such a way that now we may come to God with sure
testimony that we are righteous; we may with full mouth glory in this,
whereas before we had to submit to condemnation with all horror. Behold,
in sum, what the Prophet has again meant to say to us.
After all these things he adds that he made intercession for the
transgressors. This is notably added to show that Jesus Christ, in his death
and passion, held the office of Priest — and without this, too, we would not
have all that is required for the assurance of our salvation. It is true that,
since the death and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ is the sacrifice by
which our sins are effaced, that his blood is our washing, that his obedience
serves to abolish all our rebellions and to acquire righteousness for us — in
this we have occasion to rejoice. But this is not the whole; for it is said that
in calling upon the name of God we shall be saved. But how could we have
access to God? What boldness would it be for us to come and pray to him,
indeed to cry out to him with full mouth as our Father? Would it not be too
great a presumption on our part thus to come intimately to God, and to
boast of being his children, unless we had someone to carry the word for
us? And where shall we find an advocate or attorney who can do so much
for us, until we come to Jesus Christ? Behold, then, what the Prophet meant
to add as the conclusion of what he treats — namely, that Jesus Christ made
intercession for the transgressors.
Now it is true that on the cross he indeed asked pardon and grace of God
his Father even for those who had persecuted him. "Father, forgive them"
(he says), "for they know not what they do." Behold a prayer that our Lord
Jesus made for the transgressors, and for those who were his enemies, who
had treated him so cruelly, and by whose hand he was crucified; but the
Prophet did not speak here only of this particular prayer — rather he wished
to declare the Priesthood of our Lord Jesus Christ. Meanwhile let us note
well that it is not without cause that he speaks here of the transgressors.
Above it was said that he bore the sin of the people of God and suffered for
the iniquities of many; but now the Prophet attributes another title to those
for whom Jesus Christ prayed, and names them transgressors. When he
spoke of the people of God, it was to show that those thought the most
righteous and most excellent have need of the remission of their sins, and
cannot find it except in that Jesus Christ poured out his blood to cleanse and
wash them. Behold, then, for one point: if we wish to be of the Church, and
to be acknowledged of the flock of God, we must know that this is because
Jesus Christ is our Redeemer; and let us not fear to come in great number,
but rather let each draw his neighbours to it, since he is sufficient to save us
all.
Furthermore, it is said here that we are transgressors, so that we may well
think on our sins; for we know the audacity and rashness that is in men, so
that very often we shall show more shame and modesty when we ask
something of a mortal man than we shall show before God. Now the
Prophet here brings down all this pride and haughtiness, when he names us
transgressors — as if he said: Wretched people, who are you to presume to
invoke God, and to call him your Father? Whence comes this dignity to
you? Who will dare undertake to come into the presence of the majesty of
God, to say, "I am one of thy children"? Go (he says), hide yourselves, for
you are all malefactors, and, coming before God, you come as before your
Judge, and you must tremble and be utterly confounded. But there is one
remedy that can put you in safety — that in calling upon the name of God
you should have an invincible fortress in the power and intercession of the
Mediator. And without this there is no hope of salvation; you are all lost in
your sins. Know, then, the necessity you have that the Son of God be in the
midst, that he intercede for you, and perform the office of Priest. This is
notably why the Prophet has called us all here transgressors and sinners —
namely, so that we might know that the door is shut to us, and that we are
not worthy to approach God, but that we are all overwhelmed and
confounded unless we have our whole refuge there; for without this remedy
we must perish and rot in our poverties and miseries. Now when we are
thus humbled, then we can come to our Lord Jesus Christ, knowing that it is
he who carries the word in our name, and that it is by him also that we can
freely call ourselves children of God. When, then, we come to pray and say,
"Our Father who art in heaven," we must recognise that we have polluted
mouths, as concerns ourselves, and that we are not worthy even to call God
our Creator, still less should we have this presumption of holding ourselves
to be his children. But it is so that our Lord Jesus Christ carries the word for
us, and that our prayers and orisons are sanctified by him — as it is said in
the Epistle to the Hebrews, in the last chapter, that it is by him that we
render to God the sacrifices of praise and all prayers, and that he is our
Mediator, and that today in his Name we invoke God our Father. Therefore,
we can freely glory that he will hold us as his children. Behold how we
must practice this passage.
Now we see how our Lord Jesus verified this, praying for his own, as is
recounted in the seventeenth chapter of St. John: "Holy Father, behold those
thou hast given me: now I depart from the world. I have kept them, and
none of them is lost except the son of perdition; but those whom thou hast
committed to my charge, I have preserved. Now I pray for them, and not for
them only, but for all those who shall believe in me through their word. I
pray not for the world, but for those thou hast given me, that thou wouldst
bless them and sanctify them, so that they may be one with us." When we
see the Son of God pray — indeed that he, who is the eternal God, should
abase himself to the point of being as it were a suppliant, and of presenting
a request before God his Father in our name — must we not here recognise
an infinite goodness? And firstly we must always retain what has been said
— namely, that we would only be profaning the name of God by invoking
it, unless it be in the name of Jesus Christ. And why? Our mouths are
polluted and infected — indeed, we are full of corruption; there is nothing
but vermin in us; but since our Lord Jesus has abased himself to this
condition of supplicating, and of being there in our person to entreat God
his Father, we must be founded and grounded upon this when it is a
question of founding our prayers today. It is true that just as Isaiah says that
Jesus Christ prayed for the transgressors, so too he himself protests that he
does not pray for the whole world, for those who take pleasure in their
iniquities and remain there in obstinacy — for these are cut off from this
benefit and privilege, which is reserved only for the children of God. If,
then, we remain in the world, and are separated from our Lord Jesus Christ,
it is certain that what he prayed to God his Father does not belong to us, and
can profit us nothing; but let us hear what he says: "Behold, I have declared
unto them thy Word, and they have believed. I pray for them, and not for
them only" (that is, for the disciples), "but for those who shall believe on
their doctrine."
Thus, today let us know that we are associated with the disciples and
Apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ, and that this prayer he made once will
today serve us, and will give us entry to all our prayers, provided that we
receive the doctrine of the Gospel in obedience of faith. Thus, we need no
longer be in doubt as to how we should frame our petitions; for since we
know that Jesus Christ has prayed, we need no longer say, "And how shall
we be assured that the power of that prayer reaches us?" Let us believe the
Gospel, and we shall follow the Apostles and disciples, and be joined with
them. Do we wish to give the lie to the Son of God, who is the eternal and
unchangeable truth? Now he has pronounced with his own mouth that all
those who receive the doctrine of the Gospel are joined to this prayer, and
that he has included them in it. Since this is so, then, though on the one
hand we are poor malefactors, and thus unworthy to approach God,
nevertheless by means of the Gospel, when we embrace in faith the
promises contained in it, then we shall be presented to God, so that not only
will we be pleasing to him, since his only Son has interceded for us, but
also so that today we may invoke him as well, and be companions of Jesus
Christ in this — as he says, "Behold me, and the servants thou hast given
me." He presents himself there first (as was declared in the eighth chapter),
and then brings all his company: "And those thou hast given me," he says.
Now he says he is there ready for the service of God his Father with all
those given to him. Thus, there is no doubt that we are joined in this prayer,
and in all the praises of God, and that Jesus intones, so to speak, and is like
the first singer, who leads us when we pray, so that by his means there is
one voice so joined together that the melody is well in accord. Were we to
be in accord with the Angels of paradise in praying to God, this would
already be too excellent a privilege; but when the Son of God deigns to
have such intimacy with us, saying, "Come, I will lead you, I will carry the
word for you" — should we not be utterly ravished by this?
Furthermore, this was prefigured under the Law, when the High Priest not
only offered sacrifices to God, but also joined prayers to them. Under the
ancient shadows, then, there was the Priest, who could not intercede before
God nor be received as agreeable without the shedding of blood; but with
the blood he also joined prayers, so that the sins of the people might be
forgiven, and so that God might receive in mercy those who deserved to be
rejected. Behold Jesus Christ, who has put an end to all the figures of the
Law, who willed to fulfil this in his own person. It is that he presented the
blood for the washing of our sins — not the blood of calves or of lambs as
under the Law, but his sacred blood, indeed, which was consecrated by the
Holy Spirit, so that we might have full holiness in it. But with the shedding
of blood, he also joined prayers. And this is why today he is called our
Mediator, and it is said that he intercedes for us. And when St. Paul speaks
of prayers, he adds that there is one God, and one Mediator, who is man,
namely the Lord Jesus. He could well have said, "There is one God; there is
Jesus Christ who is the eternal Word of God, of one and the same essence,
of one and the same glory and majesty." But he does not use this language;
rather he says, "There is one God"; and then, "There is one Mediator
between God and men, Jesus Christ, man" — as if he said: Behold the Son
of God, who, after having clothed himself with our nature, after having
made himself man like us, sin excepted, now intercedes for us.
Now the ancient priests needed to pray for themselves (and they did so),
and then for the sins of the whole people, and they were included in that
number. But our Lord Jesus is exempt from that necessity, as far as
concerns himself; he need not ask pardon on his own account for offences
he has committed, but he intercedes for us. And therefore, in the eighth
chapter of Romans, when St. Paul wishes to give us boldness to come to
God, he says notably, "And who shall be against us?" However many
enemies we may have, we need not be dismayed; for to whom must we
render account of our life? Who is our judge? Jesus Christ — and that very
one is our advocate, who intercedes for us, and who is there to make peace
between God and us. It is he who will make us find grace. Thus, we may
boldly lift up our heads, and present ourselves before God — indeed come
with all boldness before his judgment-seat, since we have Jesus Christ there
in the midst. Behold, then, in sum what we must retain when intercession is
spoken of here. In short, every time we are preached the death of our Lord
Jesus Christ, let us at the same time join the prayer he made — and he made
it once, so that it might remain forever, and produce its power; for today our
Lord Jesus need not kneel again before God his Father to supplicate — it is
said he will always be our Intercessor. But how? By virtue of his death and
passion, by virtue of the prayer he made — that prayer he makes today.
Thus, by virtue of that, we are heard as if he were still speaking today on
our behalf; and also (as I have said) all our prayers are dedicated in him, for
without this they would be profane.
And indeed also, whenever the faithful prepare themselves to pray to God,
they ought (whereas the Papists take a sprinkler of holy water, and perform
their charms and sorceries, or their trifles) to feel that their prayers are
sprinkled with the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, so as to be pure and
clean, and to be received by God as a sacrifice of sweet savour. And upon
this let us recognise that our Lord Jesus Christ was not Priest only for a day,
but that he still retains this office today, and shall have it forever, and that
we shall always feel its fruit. Now if this had been well known, men would
not have gone astray (as has happened) into so many superstitions and vile
practices. As we see, the Papists today are like poor wandering beasts, who
do not know what road or path they ought to keep in praying to God. They
have an infinite number of patrons and advocates, and each forges his own.
It is true they will have many in common, but even after all their litanies (as
they call them) each will have his devotion to some saint of his own
invention. Behold how Jesus Christ is stripped of his honour. And there is
no doubt that when they were not content with Jesus Christ, it was the devil
who possessed them, and put them into such a rage that, as if out of spite
against God, and against what God had pronounced concerning Jesus Christ
in giving him office, they gave to this one and that one the right that
belonged to him. As today the Virgin Mary is named advocate by the
Papists. To the devil with all their prayers! For it is as if they renounced
God and our Lord Jesus Christ. And it will even happen that the Virgin
Mary herself must cry out for vengeance against them, because they have
made a detestable idol, and have snatched from Jesus Christ the dignity of
this priesthood — which has been ratified by the solemn oath of God —
and have wished to falsify all holy Scripture. The Papists think the Virgin
Mary will help them, but she will have to demand (as I have said)
vengeance against them for the injury they have done her; for if they spat in
her face and spoke every insult against her, they could not do her a greater
reproach than when they call her Advocate. And why? Because it is said
that Jesus Christ is established Priest by God his Father. And how? With a
solemn oath: "I have sworn" (he says), "and will not repent of it."
Behold, then, upon what we must be founded — namely, upon the
intercession of our Lord Jesus Christ, since (as St. Paul says in the third
chapter of Ephesians) we can approach God, and present ourselves to him,
when we are led there by our Lord Jesus Christ, who is (as we have said)
there to make us find grace. Now what do the Papists wish to do? They
wish to annihilate the priesthood of our Lord Jesus Christ; they wish it to be
null. And when they come with such diabolical audacity to overturn the
immutable decree of God, how can they hope to be heard? Thus, let us
conclude that in the Papacy this whole doctrine has been buried. And why?
I know well they will allege that we are not worthy to come before God. It
is true; and who doubts it? But meanwhile let us consider where we must
seek our worthiness. Is it not in Jesus Christ alone? And they will have their
recourse to the Virgin Mary, and to St. Michael, to the Apostles; and then
they will have their saints, whom they have forged, who either never existed
in the world, or who have been canonised at the whim of the Pope —
indeed, though they be in the depths of hell — behold their patrons and
advocates. But even granting the Papists this — that their Saints, who never
existed, or who were but half-devils and phantoms, were Apostles and
Martyrs, and lived as holily as it is possible to live — did they not,
nevertheless, also have as much need of an advocate as others? It is certain
that the Virgin Mary could not find grace before God without the Head; she
needed Jesus Christ to be her Redeemer, just as he was ours. The Apostles
and Martyrs, the Patriarchs and Prophets, also had the same necessity of
having recourse to this Redeemer, common to all. And what will it be, then,
when we come to seek them out?
Thus, since the Apostles have referred us to Jesus Christ, and have
declared to us that it is there we must direct ourselves — since he also
invites us so sweetly, saying, "Come unto me" — let us not draw back, let
us not go wandering off, but let us approach freely. For it is not only for the
Prophets that he speaks thus, or for the Apostles and Martyrs, or for the
Virgin Mary, but he wishes to retain us all to himself, as is also very
necessary for us. Let us learn, I say, not to wander here and there when we
pray to God, and let us recognise the good he has done us in having been
pleased to draw us out of that abyss and confusion of the Papacy, and to
show us how the door is opened to us to come to him — namely, since
Jesus Christ is our Intercessor. Let us remain there without wandering to
one side or the other. For it is certain that if our prayers are not regulated
according to the word of God, they are frivolous, and God rejects them; and
they can also not be made in faith unless the certainty proceeds from that
source — namely, from the truth of God. Now if we wish our prayers to be
founded in faith, they must be conformed to the will of God, and we must
follow what he commands us — namely, that we hold Jesus Christ for our
Intercessor, Advocate, and Mediator.
Behold, then, the direction he gives us, and the foundation on which we
must be established, so that we do not waver like reeds in every wind. And
this is also why he says so often, "Whatsoever you shall ask my Father in
my name, it shall be given you." And we see also how the faithful under the
Law, although they did not have such clarity as we have today in the
Gospel, nevertheless did not fail to put Jesus Christ forward — indeed
under the figure that was given them. "Lord," they said, "look upon the face
of thy Christ, and for the love of thine Anointed, hear us." "O our eternal
God, hear us for the sake of the Lord," says Daniel; and this is repeated so
often in the Psalms. It is true that this is spoken of David, but it is because
he was a figure of our Lord Jesus Christ. And when Daniel speaks thus,
"For the sake of the Lord," he shows well that it is the Redeemer who had
been promised, and whose coming was then at hand. But Jesus Christ
speaks more openly, and says, "Until now you have asked nothing of my
Father in my name; ask now, and it shall be given you." As if he said: Until
now you have not known that my office is to be Mediator toward God my
Father for you; and indeed, he had not yet ascended into heaven, he had not
even yet torn the veil of the Temple, to give us entry there. But now we
have private access there, since the veil of the Temple is torn, and Jesus
Christ has entered, not into a material sanctuary (as the priests of the time of
the Law), but even into heaven, into the majesty of God his Father, so as to
make us find grace there — so that the throne of God is no longer a throne
of majesty to terrify us, but invites us gently and with fatherly goodness,
since we come there in the name and by means of this Priest whom he has
ordained for us.
Behold, then, how the intercession of our Lord Jesus Christ is always
profitable to us, and is for us an invincible fortress — so much so that when
we come to him we shall be so heard that we shall feel by experience that
whoever calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. And although this
statement of the Prophet Joel was spoken before Jesus Christ had appeared,
nevertheless the faithful of the time of the Law practiced it so well that we,
too, ought to be confirmed and assured by their example — we, I say, who
have the perfection and fulfilment of all that was figured under the Law —
that when we come to pray and to invoke our God in the name of him
whom he has established for us as Advocate, we shall feel in truth that he
always intercedes for us, so that we may be heard in all our petitions.
Now let us prostrate ourselves before the majesty of our good God, in
acknowledgment of our faults, praying to him, etc.